Establishment and Characterization of Patient-Derived Xenograft Model of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Derived from Malignant Pleural Effusions

Figures & data

Figure 1 Construction flow of PDX models for NSCLC.

Figure 2 The PDX models are consistent with the histological. Tumor tissues from patient (NO.11) and the P4 generation PDX model were fixed and examined with H&E staining.

Figure 3 The PDX models have the same protein expression pattern with the original tumor.

Notes: HC images of the lymph node metastasis of patients and P4 generation PDX. Tumor tissues from the patient (NO.11) and the P4 generation PDX were fixed and immunohistochemical with specific antibodies.

Figure 4 PDX tissue and tumor tissue are the same individual origin by STR profile.

Notes: (A) Short tandem repeat (STR) profile of patient tissue. (B) Short tandem repeat (STR) profile of PDX.

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of Participants in the Study (N = 31)

			All (n=31)	PDX Established (n=11)	PDX Did Not Develop (n=20)	P-value^+
Age (years)			59.81±11.86	56.2±13.3	61.8±10.9	0.213^b
Sex (%)		Male (%)	18 (58.1%)	4 (36.4%)	14 (70%)	0.128^a
		Female (%)	13 (41.9%)	7 (63.6%)	6 (30%)
Color of MPEs (%)		Red (%)	14 (45.2%)	5 (45.5%)	9 (45%)	1.000^a
		Yellow (%)	17 (54.8%)	6 (54.5%)	11 (55%)
Transparency of MPEs (%)		Cloudy (%)	28 (90.3%)	10 (90.9%)	18 (90%)	1.000^a
		Clear (%)	3 (9.7%)	1 (9.1%)	2 (10%)
Cell counts of MPEs (10^6/L)			1400 (800,3160)	1800 (500,3500)	1300 (800,3133)	0.804^c
Total protein in MPEs (g/L)			39.08±10.15	38.61±7.02	39.35±11.68	0.851^b
Total protein in venous blood (g/L)			59.22±5.35	58.76±5.44	59.48±5.42	0.730^b
LDH in MPEs (U/L)			595 (300,866)	683 (443,906)	577 (250,840)	0.509^c
LDH in venous blood (U/L)			195 (139,241)	169 (143,284)	196 (139,235)	0.901^c
Ratio of LDH			3.094±1.962	3.552±1.759	2.842±2.064	0.343^b
Tumor metastasis (%)	Single (%)		14 (45.2%)	7 (63.6%)	7 (35%)	0.153^a
	Multiple (%)		17 (54.8%)	4 (36.4%)	13 (65%)
CEA in MPEs (ng/mL)			359.40 (34.66,1000.00)	362.20 (73.15,949.70)	201.37 (16.76,1000.00)	0.684^c
CEA in venous blood (ng/mL)			26.49 (7.45,161.2)	28.19 (10.64,59.12)	19.28 (5.1,253.56)	0.710^c

Notes: ^aFisher’s exact test; ^bStudent’s t-test; ^cmann–Whitney U-test. ⁺For comparisons of normally distributed variables, non-normal data and categorical variables, Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and Fisher’s exact test were used, respectively.

Abbreviations: TP, total protein; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen.

Table 2 Log Rank Test to Compare the Relationship Between Survival Period and Tumor Development

Univariate Analysis
Covariates	N(30)	Event	Median Time of Lifetime (Months) (95% CI)	P
PDX established	10	10	3 (1.5–4.5)	0.031 (P<0.05)
PDX did not develop	20	13	16 (7.0–25.0)

Figure 5 The survival rates of the patients corresponding to the successful establishment of PDXs were significantly lower. The survival curves of the groups with successful PDX establishment and those without successful PDX establishment showed significant differences in survival.