Factors facilitating and hindering the intention to promote pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with COPD among respiratory therapists

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants (n=379)

Characteristics	n	%
Gender
Male	338	89.18
Female	41	10.82
Age (years)*
<30	141	37.40
30–40	123	32.63
>40	113	29.97
Education level$
Junior college	25	6.61
College or university	329	87.04
Master’s degree and above	24	6.35
Managerial positions‡
Yes	16	4.24
No	361	95.76
Working years§
≤2	86	23.43
3–10	142	38.69
>10	139	37.88
Working environment║
Medical center	102	27.13
District hospital	205	54.52
Regional hospital	52	13.83
Home service	17	4.52
PR education¶
Yes	230	60.85
No	148	39.15
PR experience**
Yes	52	13.76
No	326	86.24

Notes: Missing data (n):

* 2,

$ 1,

‡ 2,

§ 12,

║ 3,

¶ 1,

** 1.

¶ PR education: PR-related in-service education program.

Abbreviation: PR, pulmonary rehabilitation.

Table 2 Descriptive statistics of knowledge, attitude, subjective norms, and self-efficacy of promoting PR (n=379)

Outcome	Mean	SD	Possible scores range	Percentage of total score¶
Knowledge of PR*	10.10	2.05	0–16	63.12%
Attitude toward PR$	32.10	3.92	0–45	71.33%
Subjective norms‡	17.24	2.76	0–25	68.96%
Self-efficacy§	265.84	61.59	0–400	66.46%
Behavioral intention║	8.03	1.09	0–10	80.29%

Notes:

* Higher scores indicate greater knowledge of PR.

$ Higher scores indicate greater attitude toward PR.

‡ Higher scores indicate greater subjective norms of promoting PR.

§ Higher scores indicate greater confidence to provide PR.

║ Higher scores represent more positive behavioral intentions of RTs in PR promotion.

¶ Percentage of the mean score to the total possible score.

Abbreviations: PR, pulmonary rehabilitation; RTs, respiratory therapists.

Table 3 Associations between characteristics of respiratory therapist and self-efficacy (n=379)

Variables	Self-efficacy
	M ± SD	F/t	LSD
Age (years)
① <30	259.68±53.21	1.35
② 30–40	267.80±59.71
③ >40	272.13±72.51
Educational level
① Junior college	273.08±65.02	1.78
② University	263.82±62.29
③ Master’s degree and above	287.08±44.70
Work years
① ≤2	260.41±46.22	2.26
② 3–10	259.37±63.69
③ >10	273.84±67.72
Working environment
① Medical center	258.23±60.03	3.82*	③ > ①
② District hospital	265.25±62.77		③ > ②
③ Regional hospital	289.7±53.78		④ > ①
④ Home care	302.88±56.76		④ > ②
Managerial positions
Yes	266.88±100.1	0.04
No	266.60±59.64
Attended PR training courses
Yes	273.51±58.26	3.06*
No	253.83±65.04
PR experience
Yes	293.90±47.63	3.62*
No	261.14±62.38

Notes: F: One-way ANOVA test; t: independent t-test;

* p<0.01.

Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; M, mean; PR, pulmonary rehabilitation; LSD, Fisher’s least significant difference post hoc test; SD, standard deviation.

Table 4 Factors associated with behavioral intention of promoting pulmonary rehabilitation among respiratory therapists using multiple linear regression (n=379)

Variables	β	B	SE	95% CI	p-value
Age (years)
<30 vs 30–40	−0.039	−0.132	0.222	−0.569~0.305	0.553
<30 vs >40	0.089	0.308	0.303	−0.288~0.905	0.310
Educational level
College or university vs junior college	0.049	0.325	0.346	−0.355~1.006	0.348
College or university vs Master’s degree and above	−0.021	−0.131	0.310	−0.742~0.479	0.672
Working years
3–10 vs ≤2	−0.091	−0.337	0.222	−0.773~0.099	0.130
3–10 vs >10	−0.095	−0.311	0.236	−0.776~0.154	0.190
Working environment
Medical center vs district hospital	0.062	0.197	0.175	−0.147~0.541	0.261
Medical center vs regional hospital	0.016	0.086	0.293	−0.490~0.661	0.769
Medical center vs home service	0.070	0.535	0.396	−0.244~1.313	0.178
Managerial positions
Yes vs no	−0.026	−0.199	0.403	−0.992~0.595	0.623
PR training courses
Yes vs no	0.032	0.103	0.159	−0.415~0.209	0.516
PR experience
Yes vs no	0.058	0.261	0.225	−0.182~0.704	0.248
PR-related knowledge	0.045	0.034	0.037	−0.038~0.105	0.358
Attitude	0.110	0.043	0.020	0.004~0.082	0.029
Subjective norms	0.371	0.214	0.030	0.156~0.272	0.001
Perceived behavioral control
Self-efficacy	0.125	0.003	0.001	0.001~0.006	0.016
NHI	0.061	0.096	0.078	−0.058~0.249	0.222
Time	0.037	0.06	0.085	−0.108~0.228	0.484
Adjusted R^2	0.225

Notes: β: standardized coefficient; B: unstandardized coefficient.

Abbreviations: PR, pulmonary rehabilitation; NHI, National Health Insurance; SE, standard error.