Risks of budesonide/formoterol for the treatment of stable COPD: a meta-analysis

Figures & data

Table 1 Basic characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analysis

Study	Year	Design	Number	COPD severity	Mean age (years)	Duration of COPD (years)	Follow-up (weeks)	Jadad score
Ferguson et al^Citation21	2017	Multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel	1219	Moderate to very severe	63.5	7.5	26	5
Fukuchi et al^Citation25	2013	Multicenter, double-blind, parallel	1293	Moderate to severe	65.0	5.7	12	5
Sharafkhaneh et al^Citation16	2012	Two treatment arms, multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel	1219	Severe to very severe	63.0	10.2	52	6
Zhong et al^Citation24	2012	Multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy parallel	308	Moderate to very severe	64.6	9.2	24	5
Rennard et al^Citation17	2009	Four treatment arms, multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy parallel	1964	Moderate to very severe	63.2	10.8	52	5
Tashkin et al^Citation20	2008	Six treatment arms, multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel	1417	Moderate to very severe	63.4	NA	26	5
Calverley et al^Citation18	2003	Three treatment arms, multicenter, double-blind, parallel	1022	Moderate to very severe	64.0	NA	52	5
Szafranski et al^Citation19	2003	Three treatment arms, multicenter, double-blind, parallel	812	Moderate to severe	64.0	NA	52	5

Abbreviation: NA, not available.

Figure 1 Flowchart of the study selection procedure.

Abbreviation: RCT, randomized controlled trial.

Figure 2 Forest plot of pneumonia, bronchitis, oral candidiasis, and dysphonia comparison. (A) Pneumonia in BUD/FM versus placebo. (B) Bronchitis in BUD/FM versus placebo. (C) Oral candidiasis in BUD/FM versus placebo. (D) Dysphonia in BUD/FM versus placebo.

Abbreviations: BUD, budesonide; FM, formoterol; PL, placebo.

Figure 3 Forest plot of pneumonia, bronchitis, oral candidiasis, and dysphonia comparison. (A) Pneumonia in BUD/FM versus FM. (B) Bronchitis in BUD/FM versus FM. (C) Oral candidiasis versus FM. (D) Dysphonia in BUD/FM versus FM.

Note: Weights are from random-effects analysis.
Abbreviations: BUD, budesonide; FM, formoterol.

Figure 4 Forest plot of pneumonia, bronchitis, oral candidiasis, and dysphonia comparison. (A) Pneumonia in BUD/FM versus BUD. (B) Bronchitis in BUD/FM versus BUD. (C) Oral candidiasis in BUD/FM versus BUD. (D) Dysphonia in BUD/FM versus BUD.

Note: Weights are from random-effects analysis.
Abbreviations: BUD, budesonide; FM, formoterol.

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