eHealth for people with COPD in the Netherlands: a scoping review

Figures & data

Table 1 Overview of assessment criteria and scoring

		Level of implementation within regular care					Level of patient participation		Scientific evidence		Involved actors		Costs / reimbursement options
		Full implementation and the eHealth application is permanently available	Level of integration within regular (national) care	Is the eHealth application available for all patients with COPD?	Mild - Moderate COPD GOLD 1/2	Severe - Very severe COPD GOLD 3/4	Are patients involved in development of the eHealth application?	Does the eHealth application support self-management of the patient?	Is there scientifically proven improvement in quality of life?	Is there a scientifically proven reduction in hospital admissions?	The eHealth application can be used in primary care	The eHealth application can be used in secondary care	Reimbursement of costs eHealth application by health insurer	Costs for the patient	Costs for the practitioner	Availability of app
No information received / unknown		No information received / unknown	No information received / unknown	No information received / unknown	These two indicators are solely informative; some eHealth applications only run in secondary care and are specific for severe patients		No information received / unknown	No information received / unknown	No information received / unknown	No information received / unknown	No information received / unknown	No information received / unknown	No information received / unknown	No information received / unknown	No information received / unknown	No information received / unknown
Meets the criteria		The eHealth application is permanently available, even after research has ended	For all healthcare providers in primary or secondary care available if desired	No specific inclusion criteria	For all patients regardless of the severity of COPD	For all patients regardless of the severity of COPD	Yes; patients are involved in the development process	Yes; the eHealth application aimed at self-management	Yes; this has been shown in research	Yes; this has been shown in research	Available for all primary care practices	Available for all secondary care practices	Full reimbursement of application and provided care	Full reimbursement of application and provided care	Full reimbursement of application and provided care	Available for iOS and Androïd
Partly meets the criteria		The eHealth application is available but not for everyone (eg due to IT problems or other impeding factors)	The eHealth application is only available for specific settings; eg after research has been stopped, there is no national implementation	The eHealth application is only available for specific settings; eg after research has been stopped, there is no national implementation	Only to be used for patients who are included in a study	Only to be used for patients who are included in a study	Patients are only involved at a later stage	Partial support for self-management	There is no improvement nor deterioration	There is no improvement nor deterioration	Only available for practices that participate in the ongoing research	Only available for practices that participate in the ongoing research	Partial reimbursement from the health insurance (reimbursement e-consultation)	Partial compensation; there is a personal contribution	Partial compensation: Purchase of the application is paid by practices but they receive compensation for the e-consultation	Available for iOS or for Androïd; not both
Does not meet the criteria		The eHealth application is a research project and is therefore not available to other parties	The eHealth application is part of a research project and is therefore not available to other parties	The eHealth application is part of a research project and is therefore not available to other parties	Not applicable to this group	Not applicable to this group	Patients were not involved in development of the eHealth application	The eHealth application is not focused on self-management	There are no proven effects	There are no proven effects	Not available for practices in primary care	Not available for practices in secondary care	No reimbursement from the health insurance	Patient must pay for use of the application	No reimbursement	The app can only be used by patients in the study

Table 2 Overview of eHealth applications and results of the assessment procedure