Low FEV1 Is Associated With Increased Risk Of Cachexia In COPD Patients

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics Of Patients Included In The Study

Variables		FEV1 < 50 (n=38)	FEV1 ≥ 50 (n=52)	P-value
Age (years)		60.03 (7.49)	58.846 (7.37)	0.458^a
Time elapsed from diagnosis (years)		6.26 (4.17)	4.96 (3.51)	0.113^a
Calorie intake		1559.46 ± 344.62	1534.27 ± 292.73	0.709^a
Satiety score		53.66 ± 14.93	54.83 ± 13.52	0.699^a
FVC (%predicted)		53.13 ± 13.65	74.29 ± 15.07	<0.001^a
FEV1 (%predicted)		36.68 ± 10.05	60.59 ± 7.37	<0.001^a
FEV1/FVC ratio		46.77 ± 7.49	57.67 ± 6.17	<0.001^a
Physical activity	Low	25 (65.79)	33 (63.46)	0.82^b
	Moderate	13 (34.21)	19 (36.54)
Drug therapy	Salbutamol	38 (100)	44 (84.61)	0.08^b
	Prednisolone	33 (86.84)	36 (72)	0.06^b
	Salmeterol + fluticasone	30 (78.94)	34 (68)	0.14^b
	Azithromycin	19 (50)	27 (51.92)	0.48^b

Notes: Quantitative and qualitative variables are represented as mean ± SD and frequency (%), respectively. ^aP-values are reported based on independent sample’s t-test. ^bP-values are reported based on chi-squared test.

Table 2 Body Composition And Anthropometric Parameters

Variables	FEV1 < 50 (n=38)	FEV1 ≥ 50 (n=52)	P-value
Height (cm)	169.60 ± 7.47	169.42 ± 8.29	0.915
Current weight (kg)	64.68 ± 10.67	68.37 ± 7.99	0.063
Former weight (kg)	69.72 ± 11.56	71.01 ± 9.33	0.561
BMI (kg/m2)	22.32 ± 2.74	23.39 ± 2.29	0.047
Waist circumference (cm)	89.96 ± 9.56	90.17 ± 8.44	0.912
Arm circumference (cm)	29.51 ± 7.51	27.86 ± 2.27	0.139
Percentage of body fat	18.15 ± 4.70	19.55 ± 4.02	0.133
Fat-free mass (kg)	53.18 ± 7.72	54.97 ± 4.55	0.172
Fat-free mass index (kg/m^2)	18.42 ± 1.77	19.29 ± 2.93	0.108
Total body water (kg)	41.91 ± 7.62	42.81 ± 4.51	0.486

Notes: Quantitative and qualitative variables are represented as mean ± SD and frequency (%), respectively. P-values are reported based on independent sample’s t-test.

Table 3 Comparison Of serum S100A1, ZAG, Adiponectin, And RMR Between The Study Groups

Variables	FEV1 < 50 (n=38)	FEV1 ≥ 50 (n=52)	P-value
S100A1 (ng/L)	429.55± 224.88	546.69 ± 336.51	0.051
ZAG (µg/mL)	199.23 ± 80.15	244.80 ± 121.64	0.035
Adiponectin (µg/mL)	24.38 ± 7.26	26.58 ± 9.08	0.220
RMR (kcal)	1750.84 ± 395.85	1572.25 ± 338.86	0.024

Note: P-values are reported based on independent sample’s t-test.

Table 4 Comparison Of Serum S100A1, ZAG, Adiponectin, And RMR Between The Study Groups

	FEV1 < 50 (n=38)		FEV1 ≥ 50 (n=52)
	β	P-value	β	P-value
S100A1–ZAG	0.836	<0.001	0.891	<0.001
Adiponectin–ZAG	0.794	<0.001	0.849	<0.001
Adiponectin–S100A1	0.815	<0.001	0.889	<0.001

Note: Data analysis was done by linear regression.

Table 5 Frequency Of Cachexia Between The Patients With FEV1 < 50 And FEV1 ≥ 50

	Cachectic	Non-Cachectic	P-value
FEV1 < 50 (n=38)	28 (73.7)	10 (26.3)	<0.001
FEV1 ≥ 50(n=52)	17 (32.7)	35 (67.3)

Notes: Data are presented as frequency (%). P-value is reported based on chi-squared test.

Table 6 Risk Of Cachexia In The Study Population

Variable		OR	CI	P-value
FEV1	High	Ref.	Ref.	<0.001
	Low	5.76	2.28–14.54

Note: Data analysis was done by binary logistic regression.