Comprehensive Effects of Organized Education for Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline Clinical Characteristics

Characteristics	Score
Gender, male/female, n	54/1
Age (years)	68.2±7.9
≤59	10.9 (6)
60–69	27.3 (15)
70–79	50.9 (28)
≥80	10.9 (6)
Smoking status
Current smoking	16.4 (9)
Former smoking	80.0 (44)
Never smoking	3.6 (2)
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	23.4±3.4
Spirometric value (post-bronchodilator)
FEV1 (% predicted)	64.3±14.5
FEV1/FVC	59.8±13.7
mMRC dyspnea scale score	1.2±0.9
Highest level of education complete
Primary school or lower	38.2 (21)
Middle school	14.5 (8)
High school	20.0 (11)
College	27.3 (15)
Underlying disease
Cardiovascular disease	9.1 (5)
Heart failure	1.8 (1)
Hypertension	38.2 (21)
Diabetes mellitus	23.6 (13)
Time since COPD diagnosis (years)	3.5±3.7

Note: Data are presented as mean±SD and percentage (number) unless otherwise stated.

Abbreviations: FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Table 2 Change of Measures Before and After Education

Measures	Before Education (n=55)	After Education (n=55)	P-Value
Knowledge score	12.51±3.19	17.89±1.37	<0.001
Inhaler technique score	5.40±1.50	6.83±037	<0.001
FEV1 (% predicted)	64.00±14.15	66.09±15.60	0.050
CAT score	14.15±8.12	13.83±9.33	0.753
RSE scale	19.75±4.54	20.25±3.83	0.422
HADS
Anxiety score	5.31±5.40	5.11±5.15	0.664
Depression score	7.15±5.43	6.35±4.66	0.155
Patients with HAS ≥8, n (%)	15 (27.3)	9 (16.4)	0.001
Patients with HDS ≥8, n (%)	22 (40)	15 (27.3)	0.001

Note: Data are presented as mean±SD unless otherwise stated. Measures were collected at baseline and third visit (3 months after the first visit).

Abbreviations: FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; CAT, COPD Assessment Test; RES, Rosenberg self-esteem scale; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

Table 3 Comparison Between Two Groups

Measures	Group A (n=23)	Group B (n=32)	P-Value
Age	68.96±7.68	67.63±8.08	0.541
Education, n (%)			0.138
Primary	7 (30.4)	14 (43.8)
Middle	6 (26.1)	2 (6.3)
High school	3 (13.0)	8 (25)
College	7 (30.4)	8 (25)
FEV1	61.52±11.72	65.78±15.60	0.275
mMRC	1.26±0.92	1.13±0.91	0.588
Time since COPD diagnosis (years)	5.22±5.11	2.73±2.43	0.038
CAT	12.43±7.80	15.37±8.24	0.188
RES	20.09±3.85	19.6±5.03	0.641
HADS
Anxiety	5.17±5.70	5.41±5.27	0.877
Depression	6.91±5.48	7.31±5.48	0.791
Δ CAT	−2.61±5.88	2.41±7.48	0.010
Δ RES	0.0±3.95	0.88±5.14	0.304
Δ Inhaler technique	−1.39±1.47	−1.47±1.48	0.849
Δ HADS
Δ Anxiety	−0.52±2.75	0.72±3.74	0.105
Δ Depression	0.26±3.83	1.19±4.32	0.599
Δ FEV1	−0.70±5.61	−3.09±9.05	0.223

Notes: Group A: less than 5 points increase of knowledge score after disease education; Group B: equal or more than 5 points increase of knowledge score after disease education.

Abbreviations: FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CAT, COPD Assessment test; RES, Rosenberg self-esteem; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; Δ=change in score (scores collected at baseline – scores collected at visit 3).