Influence Of Socioeconomic Deprivation On Short- And Long-Term Outcomes Of Home-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation In Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics

Parameter	All Patients N=459	Non-Socially Deprived Group N=183	Socially Deprived Group N=276	p value
Age (years)	64.2 ± 11.3	65.7 ± 11.8	63.2 ± 10.9	0.018
Women	165 (35.9)	55 (30.1)	110 (39.9)	0.032
Living arrangement
With others	300 (65.4)	146 (79.8)	154 (55.8)	<0.001
Alone	159 (34.6)	37 (20.2)	122 (44.2)	<0.001
SPC category
High SPC	81 (17.8)	46 (25.1)	35 (12.9)	<0.001
Low SPC	374 (82.2)	137 (74.9)	237 (87.1)	<0.001
Smoking status
Smoker	80 (17.4)	22 (12.0)	58 (21.0)	<0.001
Non-smoker	63 (13.8)	37 (20.2)	26 (9.4)	<0.001
Ex-smoker	316 (68.8)	124 (67.8)	192 (69.6)	<0.001
Pulmonary function tests
FEV1 (% predicted)	36 (26, 48)	39 (26.5, 49)	35 (26, 46)	0.15
FEV1 (L)	0.9 (0.7, 1.3)	1 (0.7, 1.4)	0.9 (0.6, 1.3)	0.010
FVC (% predicted)	62.1 ± 20.3	64.8 ± 21.8	60.2 ± 19.0	0.047
FVC (L)	2.0 (1.4, 2.6)	2.2 (1.6, 2.7)	1.8 (1.4, 2.5)	0.002
FEV1/FVC (%)	51.0 (40.5, 63)	49 (39.5, 62)	53 (42, 64)	0.14

Notes: Categorical data are presented as n (%). Continuous variables are presented as mean ± SD or median (Q1, Q3) depending on the normality of data.

Abbreviations: FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; SPC, socioprofessional category.

Table 2 Assessments At Baseline

	All Patients N=459	Non-Socially Deprived Group N=183	Socially Deprived Group N=276	p value	Adjusted p value^#
HADS (score)
Anxiety	9.9 ± 4.6	9.1 ± 4.4	10.5 ± 4.7	0.001	0.019
Depression	8.1 ± 4.3	7.4 ± 3.8	8.5 ± 4.5	0.007	0.05
Total	17.9 ± 7.7	16.3 ± 6.9	19.0 ± 8.1	0.0003	0.012
VSRQ (score)	31.0 ± 15.4	33.1 ± 14.8	29.5 ± 15.6	0.023	0.12
6MST (strokes)	312.3 ± 156.3	330.9 ± 162.7	299.3 ± 150.8	0.11	0.16

Notes: Data are presented as the mean ± SD. ^#Adjusted for age, sex, living arrangement, socioprofessional category, smoking status, and FVC.

Abbreviations: 6MST, 6 min stepper test; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; VSRQ, Visual Simplified Respiratory Questionnaire.

Figure 1 Flow chart.

Figure 2 Changes in exercise tolerance, quality of life, anxiety, and depression in COPD patients according to socioeconomic status. (A–C) Changes in parameters from T0 (baseline) to T2, T8, and T14 (2, 8, and 14 months after T0) for (A) 6 min stepper test (6MST) stroke number, (B) Visual Simplified Respiratory Questionnaire (VSRQ) score, and (C) Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Data are presented as the mean ± SD. *:Adjusted for baseline value, age, sex, living arrangement, smoking status, and forced vital capacity. P value represents p_interaction for the interaction between time and group (i.e., p_interaction <0.05 indicates a significant difference in the change in variable with time compared between the two patient groups). All analyses were adjusted to the baseline value.

Table 3 Percentage Of PR Responders According To Socioeconomic Status

Time Point	Responders In At Least One Parameter		p value
	Non-Socially Deprived Group N=183	Socially Deprived Group N=276
T2	158 (86.3)	231 (83.7)	0.44
T8	134 (73.2)	184 (66.7)	0.14
T14	122 (66.7)	163 (59.1)	0.10

Notes: Data are presented as n (%) of PR responders, defined as ≥MCID change from baseline to 2, 8, and 14 months in at least one of the four tests: 6 min stepper test, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (subscores), or Visual Simplified Respiratory Questionnaire.