Association Between Everyday Technology Use, Activities of Daily Living and Health-Related Quality of Life in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of the Study Participants (N=80)

	N (%)	Mean ± SD	Minimum/Maximum
Age at date of interview	80 (100)	70.05 ± 9.38	46/87
Male	30 (38)
Female	50 (62)
Classification of COPD^a:	78 (98)
Normal	4 (5)
Stage I	17 (21)
Stage II	50 (62)
Stage III	7 (9)
Stage IV	0
Years with COPD	79 (99)	10.32 ± 7.13	1/41
Education:	77 (96)
Primary school/skilled worker	60 (75)
Student/higher education	17 (21)
Living conditions:	80 (100)
Living alone	37 (46)
Cohabiting	43 (54)
Comorbidities:	80(100)
Diabetes	2(2.5)
Cardiovascular disease	9(11)
Mental illness	5(6)
Illness in muscles/bones/joints	24(30)
Cancer	2(2.5)
None	38(47)

Notes: ^aBased on the measure definitions of lung function from Vitalograph COPD-6.

Abbreviation: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Table 2 Measures of Physical and Mental HRQOL, ADL Motor Ability and ADL Process Ability, Number of Relevant Everyday Technologies and Ability to Use Everyday Technology

	N (%)	Mean ± SD	Minimum/Maximum	Cut-off
HRQOL physical sum score^a	80 (100)	37.45 ± 9.17	16.74/57.42	50
HRQOL mental sum score^a	80 (100)	51.68 ± 11.42	17.16/72.01	50
ADL – motor ability (logits)^b	80 (100)	1.18 ± 0.59	−0.4/2.6	2.0
ADL – process ability (logits)^b	80 (100)	1.04 ± 0.43	0/2.2	1.0
ET relevance (ETUQ) (number of relevant everyday technologies)^c	80 (100)	45.46 ± 11.82	14/67	–
ET ability (ETUQ) (logits)^c	80 (100)	56.58 ± 5.79	46.86/80.02	–

Notes: ^aMeasured by the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF36), ^bMeasured by the Assessment of motor and process skills (AMPS), ^cMeasured by Everyday technology use questionnaire (ETUQ).

Abbreviations: HRQOL, health-related quality of life; ADL, activities of daily living; ET, everyday technology; ETUQ, everyday technology use questionnaire.

Table 3 Multivariable Linear Regression Analyses for Health-Related Quality of Life–Physical

	R^2	B	SE B	β	p	VIF
	0.003
Educational level		1.154	2.684	0.053	0.669	1.013
Living status		0.484	2.326	0.026	0.836	1.013
	0.023
Educational level		1.095	2.642	0.050	0.680	1.032
Living status		0.795	2.273	0.042	0.728	1.017
FEV1%predicted		0.100	0.161	0.161	0.187	1.026
Years with COPD		−0.335	−0.242	−0.242	0.048	1.016
	0.506
Educational level		−1.037	2.051	−0.047	0.615	1.087
Living status		−2.138	1.802	−0.113	0.240	1.118
FEV1%predicted		0.003	0.059	0.005	0.959	1.119
Years with COPD		−0.308	0.132	−0.223	0.023	1.129
ET ability^a		0.456	0.160	0.284	0.006	1.229
ET relevance^a		0.194	0.077	0.242	0.015	1.144
ADL Motor^b ability		8.155	2.046	0.499	0.000	1.935
ADL Process ability^b		−1.905	2.750	−0.084	0.491	1.815
Interaction variable (ADL motor/process ability)		−5.677	2.848	−1.253	0.051	–

Notes: ^aMeasured by Everyday technology use questionnaire (ETUQ), ^bMeasured by the Assessment of motor and process skills (AMPS). Statistically significant results are highlighted in bold.

Abbreviations: FEV1, forced expiratory volume; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ET, Everyday technology; ADL, activities of daily living.

Table 4 Multivariable Linear Regression Analyses for Health-Related Quality of Life–Mental

	R^2	B	SE B	β	p	VIF
	0.018
Educational level		3.368	3.044	0.135	0.273	1.013
Living status		0.181	2.638	0.008	0.945	1.013
	0.085
Educational level		2.512	3.009	0.101	0.969	1.032
Living status		0.154	2.589	0.007	0.983	1.017
FEC1% predicted		0.137	0.086	0.193	0.974	1.026
		0.251	0.189	0.159	0.984	1.016
	0.228
Educational level		1.679	2.931	0.067	0.569	1.087
Living status		−1.748	2.575	−0.081	0.500	1.118
FEV1% predicted		0.086	0.085	0.120	0.317	1.119
Years with COPD		0.317	0.189	0.201	0.099	1.129
ET ability^a		0.622	0.229	0.339	0.009	1.229
ET relevance^a		0.052	0.110	0.057	0.636	1.144
ADL motor ability^b		0.904	2.923	0.048	0.758	1.935
ADL process ability^b		2.237	3.928	0.086	0.571	1.815
Interaction variable (motor/process skills)		2.555	4.189	0.493	0.544	–

Notes: ^aMeasured by Everyday technology use questionnaire (ETUQ), ^bMesasured by the Assessment of motor and process skills (AMPS). Statistically significant results are highlighted in bold.

Abbreviations: FEV1, forced expiratory volume; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ET, everyday technology; ADL, activities of daily living.