Not All COPD Patients Benefit from Prophylactic Noninvasive Ventilation After Scheduled Extubation: An Exploratory Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic Data Collected at Extubation

	PaCO2 ≤ 45 mmHg		P	PaCO2 > 45 mmHg		P
	NIV N = 32	Control N = 21		NIV N = 128	Control N = 40
Underlying disease
Hypotension	15 (50%)	9 (43%)	>0.99	44 (34%)	13 (33%)	>0.99
Diabetes mellitus	9 (28%)	6 (29%)	>0.99	26 (20%)	6 (15%)	0.65
Chronic heart disease	9 (28%)	4 (19%)	0.53	35 (27%)	15 (38%)	0.24
Chronic kidney disease	1 (3%)	2 (10%)	0.56	6 (5%)	0 (0%)	0.34
Chronic liver disease	–	–	–	9 (7%)	1 (3%)	0.45
Age, years	76±11	71±12	0.09	72±10	73±8	0.46
Male/female	22/10	15/6	>0.99	109/19	30/10	0.15
APACHE II score	13±3	12±3	0.31	12±3	12±2	0.48
Heart rate, beats/min	95±18	91±18	0.50	100±14	97±15	0.30
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	132±16	128±17	0.37	136±23	131±19	0.22
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	69±12	75±10	0.37	72±12	75±10	0.23
GCS	14.8±1.1	14.5±1.6	0.55	14.9±0.3	14.9±0.5	0.82
Hemoglobin, g/dL	10.6±2.1	10.9±2.0	0.67	11.7±2.3	12.8±2.1	0.01*
Duration of ventilation, d	5 (3–9)	4 (2–6)	0.04*	6 (4–8)	5 (3–7)	0.26
Breathing frequency, cycles/min	22±5	21±4	0.54	21±5	22±5	0.76
Rapid shallow breathing index	54±23	51±26	0.64	53±25	59±24	0.19
pH	7.45±0.04	7.45±0.04	0.79	7.40±0.05	7.41±0.05	0.33
PaO2, mmHg	93±22	94±27	0.86	85±21	91±21	0.10
PaCO2, mmHg	40±3	38±5	0.16	60±10	57±8	0.07
PaO2/FiO2, mmHg	240±63	250±84	0.63	210±56	222±55	0.15

Notes: Duration of ventilation is reported as medians and interquartile ranges. *p < 0.05.

Abbreviations: GCS, Glasgow coma scale; APACHE II, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II; Min, minimum; Max, maximum.

Table 2 Outcomes

	PaCO2 ≤ 45 mmHg		P	PaCO2 > 45 mmHg		P
	NIV N = 32	Control N = 21		NIV N = 128	Control N = 40
Re-intubation at 72 h	2 (6%)	1 (5%)	>0.99	5 (4%)	12 (30%)	<0.01*
Re-intubation at 7 days	3 (9%)	3 (14%)	0.67	14 (11%)	14 (35%)	<0.01*
Hospital mortality	6 (19%)	5 (24%)	0.74	23 (18%)	16 (40%)	<0.01*
90-day mortality	11 (34%)	8 (38%)	>0.99	31 (24.2%)	16 (40.0%)	0.07
LOS in ICU, days	12 (8–17)	7 (5–14)	0.10	13 (9–120)	12 (8–19)	0.54
LOS in hospital, days	19 (11–24)	17 (10–37)	0.90	19 (13–27)	19 (14–27)	0.93
LOS in ICU after extubation, days	5 (3–8)	3 (2–7)	0.28	7 (4–11)	7 (5–11)	0.87
LOS in hospital after extubation, days	9 (5–16)	8 (5–14)	0.88	12 (8–19)	11 (7–16)	0.64

Notes: LOS in ICU, LOS in hospital, LOS in ICU after extubation, and LOS in hospital after extubation are reported as medians and interquartile ranges. *p < 0.05.

Abbreviations: NIV, noninvasive ventilation; LOS, length of stay; ICU, intensive care unit.

Figure 1 Survival in patients with PaCO₂ ≤ 45 mmHg.

Figure 2 Survival in patients with PaCO₂ > 45 mmHg.