Comorbidity Associations with AATD Among Commercially Insured and Medicare Beneficiaries with COPD in the US

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics: Medicare and Commercially Insured Cohort

Characteristics	Medicare Cohort				Commercially Insured Cohort
	AATD		Non-AATD		AATD		Non-AATD
	(n)	(%)	(n)	(%)	(n)	(%)	(n)	(%)
Total	302	0.1%	344,226	99.9%	1076	0.3%	339,183	99.7%
Gender
Female	165	54.6%	184,897	53.7%	544	50.6%	175,798	51.8%
Male	137	45.4%	159,329	46.3%	532	49.4%	163,385	48.2%
Region
Northeast	38	12.6%	60,554	17.6%	205	19.1%	62,052	18.3%
Midwest	85	28.1%	85,620	24.9%	289	26.9%	89,193	26.3%
South	127	42.1%	145,323	42.2%	498	46.3%	155,209	45.8%
West	52	17.2%	51,978	15.1%	84	7.8%	32,729	9.6%
Ex-US	0	0.0%	751	0.2%	0	0.0%	0	0.0%
Age
0–10	0	0.0%	0	0.0%	0	0.00%	3,598	1.1%
11–20	0	0.0%	29	0.0%	4	0.37%	2,289	<1.0%
21–30	0	0.0%	725	0.2%	17	1.58%	4,072	1.2%
31–40	6	2.0%	3,435	1.0%	80	7.43%	13,222	3.9%
41–50	38	12.6%	14,925	4.3%	236	21.9%	58,556	17.3%
51–64	108	35.8%	68,091	19.8%	739	68.7%	257,446	75.9%
65+	150	49.7%	257,021	74.7%	0	0.0%	0	0.0%

Figure 1 Age distribution by cohort.

Note: No patients older than 65 were included in the PharMetrics cohort.

Table 2 Associations with AATD: Medicare

Total Medicare Cohort
Total	AATD		Non-AATD		OR	LCI	UCI	p-value
	(n)	(%)	(n)	(%)
	302	0.1%	344,226	99.9%
Age Cohorts
0–40	6	2.0%	4,189	1.2%	0.53	0.22	1.26	0.98
41–50	38	12.6%	14,925	4.3%	Reference group
51–64	108	35.8%	68,091	19.8%	0.62	0.43	0.90	0.22
≥65**	150	49.7%	257,021	74.7%	0.24	0.16	0.34	<0.0001
Male	137	45.4%	159,329	46.3%	0.97	0.77	1.22	0.78
Comorbidities
Cardiac Arrhythmias
Conduction Disorders	10	3.3%	17,594	5.1%	0.87	0.45	1.67	0.67
Cardiac Dysrhythmias	163	54.0%	190,497	55.3%	1.04	0.81	1.34	0.74
Symptoms involving Cardiovascular System	69	22.8%	58,729	17.1%	1.24	0.94	1.65	0.13
Mechanical Complication of Cardiac Device, Implant and Graft	1	0.3%	6,020	1.7%	0.28	0.04	2.15	0.22
Cardiac Device in Situ	19	6.3%	39,299	11.4%	0.66	0.37	1.19	0.17
Fitting and Adjustment of Cardiac Device	8	2.6%	18,871	5.5%	0.89	0.37	2.13	0.79
Pulmonary Circulation Disease
Acute Pulmonary Heart Disease	31	10.3%	23,166	6.7%	1.39	0.95	2.05	0.09
Chronic Pulmonary Heart Disease*	72	23.8%	65,165	18.9%	1.40	1.05	1.86	0.02
Other Diseases of Pulmonary Circulation	2	0.7%	1,672	0.5%	1.06	0.26	4.31	0.94
Liver Disease
Viral Hepatitis**	6	2.0%	8,099	2.4%	0.28	0.12	0.67	0.00
Varicose Veins of Other Sites	7	2.3%	3,643	1.1%	1.22	0.50	2.97	0.67
Acute and Subacute Necrosis of Liver	7	2.3%	3,804	1.1%	1.28	0.58	2.82	0.53
Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis*	5	1.7%	457	0.1%	1.47	1.05	2.06	0.03
Liver Abscess and Sequelae of Chronic Liver Disease*	6	2.0%	8,099	2.4%	2.01	1.10	3.68	0.02
Other Disorders of Liver	7	2.3%	3,643	1.1%	0.89	0.61	1.29	0.53
Liver Transplant**	7	2.3%	3,804	1.1%	7.01	2.67	18.40	<0.0001

Notes: *p<0.05; **p<0.01.

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; LCI, lower confidence interval; UCI, upper confidence interval.

Table 3 Associations with AATD: PharMetrics Plus

Total PharMetrics Plus Cohort
Total	AATD		Non-AATD		OR	LCI	UCI	p-value
	(n)	(%)	(n)	(%)
	1076	0.3%	339,183	99.7%
Age Cohorts
0–40*	101	9.4%	23,181	6.8%	1.07	0.85	1.36	0.022
41–50	236	21.9%	58,556	17.3%	Reference group
51–64**	739	68.7%	257,446	75.9%	0.70	0.61	0.82	<0.0001
Male	532	49.4%	163,385	48.2%	1.09	0.96	1.23	0.1785
Comorbidities
Cardiac Arrhythmias
Conduction Disorders	14	1.3%	4,323	1.3%	0.89	0.52	1.54	0.6824
Cardiac Dysrhythmias	204	19.0%	58,564	17.3%	0.93	0.79	1.10	0.3823
Symptoms involving Cardiovascular System**	217	20.2%	39,517	11.7%	1.72	1.47	2.02	<0.0001
Mechanical Complication of Cardiac Device, Implant and Graft	1	0.1%	1,058	0.3%	0.37	0.05	2.79	0.3325
Cardiac Device in Situ	17	1.6%	7,878	2.3%	0.68	0.38	1.20	0.1805
Fitting and Adjustment of Cardiac Device	9	0.8%	4,391	1.3%	0.77	0.35	1.67	0.5027
Pulmonary Circulation Disease
Acute Pulmonary Heart Disease	51	4.7%	12,397	3.7%	0.87	0.65	1.18	0.3704
Chronic Pulmonary Heart Disease**	159	14.8%	22,941	6.8%	2.30	1.92	2.76	<0.0001
Other Diseases of Pulmonary Circulation	4	0.4%	818	0.2%	0.87	0.32	2.34	0.7773
Liver Disease
Viral Hepatitis*	21	2.0%	8,233	2.4%	0.55	0.35	0.88	0.0115
Varicose Veins of Other Sites**	23	2.1%	2,181	0.6%	2.31	1.30	4.11	0.0042
Acute and Subacute Necrosis of Liver	2	0.2%	1,265	0.4%	0.26	0.06	1.06	0.0611
Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis**	163	15.1%	36,482	10.8%	1.28	1.07	1.54	0.0078
Liver Abscess and Sequelae of Chronic Liver Disease	31	2.9%	4,723	1.4%	0.98	0.59	1.62	0.9248
Other Disorders of Liver	94	8.7%	23,846	7.0%	1.03	0.82	1.30	0.8149
Liver Transplant**	12	1.1%	518	0.2%	4.22	2.19	8.13	<0.0001
Coagulopathy
Coagulopathy defects	52	4.8%	10,687	3.2%	1.16	0.86	1.57	0.3353
Purpura and other hemorrhagic events	68	6.3%	15,990	4.7%	0.94	0.72	1.24	0.6635

Notes: *p<0.05; **p<0.01.

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; LCI, lower confidence interval; UCI, upper confidence interval.