COPD and Osteoporosis: Associated Factors in Patients Treated with Inhaled Corticosteroids

Figures & data

Table 1 Comparison of Demographic and Biochemical Data Between the Two Groups

Variables	Group 1	Group 2	p-value
Age (years)^#	65 (41–79)	61 (44–76)	0.202
Height (cm)*	167.43±7.32	167.58±8.98	0.946
Weight (kg)*	74.07±8.73	78.80±12.74	0.088
BMI (kg/cm^2)*	26.46±3.16	27.99±3.72	0.085
Smoking (pack/year)^#	32.50 (0–140)	6 (0–50)	<0.001
ESR (1 hour)^#	29 (8–99)	9 (2–42)	<0.001
Ca*	9.49±0.45	9.46±0.42	0.835
P^#	3.20 (2.30–4.40)	3.00 (2.20–4.80)	0.214
ALP^#	73 (48–151)	79 (44–145)	0.558
T3^#	2.92 (0.85–3.58)	2.75 (1.02–3.38)	0.421
T4^#	1.11 (0.69–2.96)	1.08 (0.78–1.30)	0.591
TSH^#	1.06 (0.09–4.94)	1.00 (0.09–4.31)	0.901

Note: Data were given as *mean±standard deviation or ^#median (minimum–maximum) value.

Abbreviations: PTH, parathormone; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; Ca, calcium; P, phosphorus; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

Table 2 Disease-Related Variables and Pulmonary Function Test Results in COPD Patients

Variables	Descriptive Value
Disease duration (year)^#	5.50 (2–20)
ICS duration (month)^#	60 (12–132)
Cumulative ICS dose (μg)^#	700,800 (233,600–3,212,000)
Daily ICS dose (μg)^#	800 (160–1000)
FVC (%)*	57.28±15.63
FEV1 (%)*	51.85±14.60
FEV1/FVC*	67.69±9.91
PEF (%)*	39.85±14.85

Note: Data were given as *mean±standard deviation or ^#median (minimum–maximum) value.

Table 3 Comparison of BMD Values Between the Two Groups

BMD	Group 1	Group 2	p-value
L1^#	0.75 (0.63–1.31)	0.94 (0.45–1.38)	0.014
L2*	0.87±0.15	0.98±0.17	0.010
L3^#	0.86 (0.69–1.22)	0.97 (0.71–1.63)	0.018
L4*	0.95±0.17	1.02±0.19	0.125
L total^#	0.83 (0.67–1.20)	0.98 (0.64–1.51)	0.017
Femur neck^#	0.73 (0.56–1.06)	0.79 (0.58–1.00)	0.004
Femur trochanter^#	0.63 (0.53–0.87)	0.73 (0.48–1.91)	0.002
Femur Ward’s^#	1.11 (0.12–1.59)	1.22 (0.28–1.47)	0.007
Femur total^#	0.92 (0.71–1.30)	1.02 (0.09–1.29)	0.033

Note: Data were given as *mean±standard deviation or ^#median (minimum–maximum) value.

Table 4 Correlations Between BMD and Pulmonary Function Tests in COPD Patients

BMD		FEV1 (L)	FEV1%	FVC (L)	FVC %	FEV1/FVC	PEF (L)	PEF %	IC (L)	IC %	MVV (L)	MVV %
L1	r	0.134	−0.141	0.055	−0.147	0.046	0.119	0.068	0.059	−0.497	0.100	0.072
	p-value	0.482	0.459	0.775	0.447	0.813	0.554	0.742	0.774	0.050	0.634	0.738
L2	r	0.464	0.135	0.400	0.207	0.116	0.418	0.416	0.215	−0.040	0.449	0.503
	p-value	0.010	0.477	0.028	0.281	0.548	0.030	0.034	0.292	0.884	0.024	0.012
L3	r	0.298	−0.022	0.264	0.095	0.072	0.135	0.153	0.209	−0.180	0.249	0.321
	p-value	0.110	0.910	0.158	0.624	0.710	0.502	0.455	0.306	0.506	0.231	0.127
L4	r	0.154	−0.111	0.200	0.075	0.124	0.152	0.185	−0.053	−0.303	0.143	0.212
	p-value	0.417	0.559	0.290	0.698	0.520	0.450	0.366	0.796	0.254	0.496	0.319
L total	r	0.286	−0.051	0.238	0.063	0.134	0.179	0.172	0.108	−0.305	0.262	0.309
	p-value	0.125	0.789	0.205	0.746	0.490	0.371	0.400	0.599	0.251	0.206	0.142
Femur neck	r	0.001	−0.143	0.131	−0.067	−0.171	−0.077	−0.175	−0.037	−0.362	−0.056	0.005
	p-value	0.996	0.449	0.490	0.729	0.376	0.702	0.393	0.858	0.168	0.790	0.982
Femur trochanter	r	−0.010	−0.317	0.173	−0.011	−0.158	−0.022	−0.035	−0.029	−0.465	−0.102	−0.037
	p-value	0.956	0.088	0.362	0.956	0.413	0.912	0.864	0.887	0.070	0.629	0.864
Fem inter	r	−0.010	−0.242	0.087	−0.002	−0.063	−0.119	−0.019	−0.205	−0.411	−0.034	0.068
	p-value	0.956	0.198	0.648	0.993	0.745	0.554	0.926	0.315	0.114	0.872	0.754
Femur total	r	0.022	−0.238	0.134	−0.045	−0.111	−0.022	0.011	−0.073	−0.350	−0.045	0.027
	p-value	0.908	0.206	0.479	0.816	0.565	0.912	0.959	0.722	0.184	0.831	0.902
ICS duration (ay)	r	0.219	0.106	0.082	−0.007	−0.180	0.034	0.106	0.273	−0.187	0.048	0.010
	p-value	0.244	0.576	0.668	0.971	0.351	0.865	0.608	0.177	0.487	0.821	0.963
ICS dose (mcg)	r	−0.277	−0.109	−0.159	−0.124	−0.117	0.128	−0.004	−0.337	−0.297	0.129	0.089
	p-value	0.139	0.567	0.401	0.520	0.546	0.524	0.983	0.093	0.263	0.540	0.681
B agonist dose (mcg)	r	0.036	0.201	−0.072	−0.132	0.324	0.233	0.145	−0.129	−0.121	0.268	0.261
	p-value	0.851	0.286	0.705	0.495	0.086	0.241	0.480	0.529	0.655	0.196	0.219
Disease duration (year)	r	0.209	0.340	0.028	0.091	−0.135	0.054	0.085	0.367	−0.157	0.187	0.160
	p-value	0.267	0.066	0.882	0.641	0.486	0.789	0.681	0.065	0.562	0.370	0.455

Table 5 Comparison of Osteoporotic and Non-Osteoporotic COPD Groups

Variables	Osteoporotic COPD Patients (n= 12)	Non-Osteoporotic COPD Patients (n=18)	p-value
Age^#	65.00 (41–79)	65.00 (44–78)	0.723
BMI^#	24.69 (19.66–29.38)	27.07 (24.91–34.11)	0.002
Smoking: pack/year^#	37.75 (0–128)	27.50 (0–140)	0.285
ESH^#	25.50 (8–53)	31.50 (11–99)	0.267
ICS duration (month)^#	36.00 (12.00–120.00)	60.00 (24.00–132.00)	0.305
ICS dose (μg)^#	720 (320–800)	800 (160–1000)	0.917
Cumulative dose	642,400 (292,000–292,000)	788,400 (233,600–3,212,000)	0.305
Disease duration (year)^#	5 (2–10)	6 (2–20)	0.415
FEV1 (L) ^#	1.28 (0.55–2.35)	1.52 (0.75–2.16)	0.491
FEV1 (%)^#	51.00 (30.00–85.00)	48.50 (28.00–75.00)	0.573
FVC (L) ^#	2.03 (0.70–2.70)	2.08 (0.9–3.20)	0.950
FVC (%)^#	57.00 (33.00–72.00)	55.00 (31.00–88.00)	0.642
FEV1/FVC^#	63.90 (43.00–85.80)	68.65 (47.30–84.30)	0.642
PEF (L) ^#	3.13 (0.88–4.75)	2.43 (1.43–5.87)	0.790
PEF (%)^#	40.00 (19.00–61.00)	33.00 (18.00–77.00)	0.799
IC (L) ^#	2.32 (1.44–3.15)	2.52 (1.15–3.01)	0.897
IC (%)^#	75.00 (53.00–122.00)	61.00 (46.00–116.00)	0.252
MVV (L) ^#	31.30 (18.80–56.70)	37.60 (17.10–92.10)	0.767
MVV (%)^#	30.00 (21.00–50.00)	41.00 (18.00–53.00)	0.494

Note: Data were presented as ^#median (minimum–maximum).