Pain Prevalence, Localization, and Intensity in Adults with and without COPD: Results from the Danish Health and Morbidity Survey (a Self-reported Survey)

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of the Participants with COPD and nonCOPD, Respectively

	COPD (n=528)	nonCOPD (n=8184)	p
Age (years)	67.1±11.4	56.5±13.6	<0.001
Gender			<0.640
Women	264 (50.0)	4178 (51.1)
Men	264 (50.0)	4006 (48.9)
Cohabitation status			<0.001
Married/living with partner	282 (53.4)	5939 (72.6)
Living alone	246 (46.6)	2246 (27.4)
Educational level			<0.001
<10 years	347 (72.6)	4717 (60.5)
10–12 years	71 (14.9)	1712 (22.0)
≥13 years	17 (3.6)	923 (11.8)
Other educations	43 (8.9)	443 (5.7)
BMI (kg/m^2)	26.7±5.82	26.3±4.76	<0.123
Current smoker			<0.001
Yes	196 (37.4)	1552 (19.1)
No	328 (62.6)	6565 (80.9)
Leisure time physical activity			<0.001
Active	309 (62.2)	6401 (81.6)
Inactive	188 (37.8)	1443 (18.4)
High alcohol intake			<0.001
Woman	145 (29.9)	1630 (20.7)
Men	69 (28.3)	767 (19.9)
Sleep disturbance			<0.001
Yes	276 (55.0)	3130 (39.5)
No	226 (45.0)	4794 (60.5)
Self-reported health			<0.001
Excellent, very good or good	253 (48.7)	6896 (84.8)
Fair or poor	267 (51.3)	1240 (15.2)
Number of comorbidities	3 (1–4)	1 (0–2)	<0.001

Note: Data are presented as numbers (percentages), mean ±SD or median (IQR).

Figure 1 Pain prevalence and pain localization during the past 14 days and prevalence of chronic pain ≥6 months in participants with COPD and nonCOPD. Data are unadjusted and presented as percentages.

Figure 2 Pain intensity of chronic pain in participants with COPD and nonCOPD. Data are unadjusted and presented as mean ±SD.

Table 2 Multiple Linear Regression on the Associations Between COPD and Pain Intensity

	β Coefficient	95%CI	p	Spearman’s Rho
Unadjusted model
COPD	1.04	0.75; 1.32	<0.001
Adjusted model
COPD	0.22	−0.09; 0.52	0.165	0.13
Age (years)	−0.00	−0.01; 0.01	0.813	0.04
Gender (men)	−0.32	−0.49; −0.15	<0.001	0.07
Living with partner	−0.14	−0.33; 0.04	0.133	−0.09
Educational level ≥13 years	−0.15	−0.24; −0.04	<0.004	−0.14
BMI (kg/m^2)	0.02	0.00; 0.04	0.006	0.08
Current smoker	0.41	0.20, 0.63	<0.001	0.11
Physical inactive	0.19	−0.02; 0.39	0.073	0.17
High alcohol intake	0.28	0.07; 0.49	0.010	0.04
Sleep disturbance	0.60	0.42; 0.77	<0.001	0.22
Multimorbidity	0.52	0.33; 0.71	<0.001	0.19

Table 3 Multiple Logistic Regression on Pain Intensity and Odds of Being Active Physically Among Individuals with COPD

	OR	95%CI	p
Unadjusted model
Pain intensity	0.77	0.68; 0.88	<0.001
Adjusted model
Pain intensity	0.72	0.61; 0.85	<0.001
Age (years)	0.98	0.95; 1.01	0.186
Gender (men)	1.13	0.59; 2.15	0.710
Living with partner	1.10	0.58; 2.11	0.765
Educational level ≥13 years	1.18	0.87; 1.61	0.294
BMI (kg/m^2)	0.94	0.89; 0.99	0.011
Current smoker	0.74	0.37; 1.50	0.408
High alcohol intake	0.77	0.37; 1.60	0.489
Sleep disturbance	1.00	0.49; 2.04	0.992
Multimorbidity	0.94	0.33; 2.62	0.899