A Non-Interventional, Cross-Sectional Study to Evaluate Factors Relating to Daily Step Counts and Physical Activity in Japanese Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: STEP COPD

Figures & data

Table 1 Patient Demographic Characteristics

Characteristics	N	AMC-FAS Population
Sex (male), n (%)	417	358 (85.9)
Age (years)	417	73.6 (7.5)
BMI (kg/m^2)	417	22.4 (3.4)
Smoking status, n (%)	417
Currently smoke		50 (12.0)
Smoked in the past		350 (83.9)
Never smoked		17 (4.1)
Pack years	400	53.1 (32.0)
Time since COPD onset (years)	412	6.2 (5.2)
Body fat percentage (%)	120	26.9 (6.9)
Lean body mass (kg)	120	43.6 (8.5)
Muscle mass (kg)	120	41.0 (8.2)
FFMI (kg/m^2)	120	16.2 (2.0)
CAT score	417	10.1 (6.7)
mMRC dyspnea score	415	1.1 (0.9)

Note: Data are shown as mean (SD) unless otherwise stated.

Abbreviations: AMC-FAS, activity monitor classification-full analysis set; BMI, body mass index; CAT, COPD Assessment Test; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FFMI, fat free mass index; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council; SD, standard deviation.

Figure 1 Patient disposition.

Table 2 Patient Clinical/Laboratory Characteristics

Characteristics	N	AMC-FAS Population
Post-bronchodilator FVC (L)	417	3.13 (0.88)
Post-bronchodilator FEV1 (L)	417	1.70 (0.65)
Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC (%)	417	54.1 (12.7)
FEV1 (% predicted)	417	65.8 (21.1)
Inspiratory capacity (L), mean (SD) [median]	417	2.17 (0.58) [2.2]
GOLD stage, n (%)	417
I		123 (29.5)
II		183 (43.9)
III		98 (23.5)
IV		13 (3.1)
Presence of emphysema by CT, n (%)	416
No		47 (11.3)
Yes		369 (88.7)
Evaluation of emphysema by CT, n (%)	411
None (0%)		46 (11.2)
Moderate (<50%)		283 (68.9)
Severe (≥50%)		82 (20.0)
Pulmonary diffusing capacity disorder, n (%)	414
No		143 (34.5)
Yes		271 (65.5)
Eosinophils ratio (%)	278	3.6 (2.4)
Peripheral eosinophils count (cells/µL)	278	221.4 (156.4)
FeNO measurement (ppb)	225	25.7 (20.3)
At least one complication/comorbidity	417	321 (77.0)
Hypertension		164 (39.3)
Asthma		131 (31.4)
Diabetes		59 (14.1)
Ischemic heart disease		40 (9.6)
Gastroesophageal reflux disease		40 (9.6)
Osteoporosis		15 (3.6)
Heart failure		14 (3.4)
Depression/anxiety		13 (3.1)

Note: Data are shown as mean (SD) unless otherwise stated.

Abbreviations: AMC-FAS, activity monitor classification-full analysis set; CT, computed tomography; FeNO, fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide; FEV₁, forced expired volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; SD, standard deviation.

Figure 2 Daily activity. (A) The frequency of steps for the AMC-FAS population. (B) Activity time for physical activity at ≥3.0 METs. (C) Activity time for physical activity at ≥2.0 METs.

Abbreviations: AMC-FAS, activity monitor classification-full analysis set; MET, metabolic equivalent; Q, quartile; SD, standard deviation.

Figure 3 Correlations between the total activity time in patients achieving ≥2 METs and patient-reported durations of activities equivalent to ≥2 METs.

Abbreviations: MET, metabolic equivalent; Q, quartile; SD, standard deviation.

Table 3 Multivariate Analysis of ≥3.0 METs Activity Time

Factors	Coefficient	Standard Error	p-value
Age (years)
<69			Reference
≥69 to <74	−5.7832	3.7471	0.1235
≥74 to <79	−10.3509	3.7475	0.0060
≥79	−20.0063	3.8480	<0.0001
GOLD stage
I			Reference
II	−2.6361	3.1200	0.3987
III	−12.3668	3.6648	0.0008
IV	−24.5367	7.8574	0.0019
mMRC dyspnea score
0			Reference
1	−7.4877	3.1136	0.0166
≥2	−13.9673	3.6019	0.0001
Job status
Employed			Reference
Not employed	−13.2208	2.8632	<0.0001

Abbreviations: GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; MET, metabolic equivalent; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council.

Table 4 Multivariate Analysis of ≥2.0 METs Activity Time

Factors	Coefficient	Standard Error	p-value
Sex
Female			Reference
Male	−41.2201	12.8688	0.0015
GOLD stage
I			Reference
II	−18.7581	10.3981	0.0720
III	−49.6694	12.0910	<0.0001
IV	−127.5926	26.0385	<0.0001
Job status
Employed			Reference
Not employed	−66.3723	9.2198	<0.0001
Live with anybody?
Yes			Reference
No	−35.0297	12.2164	0.0044

Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; MET, metabolic equivalent.

Table 5 Multivariate Analysis of Step Counts

Factors	Coefficient	Standard Error	p-value
mMRC dyspnea score
0			Reference
1	−245.7503	330.7548	0.4579
≥2	−1779.8622	365.0076	<0.0001
Job status
Employed			Reference
Not employed	−1332.3057	295.5853	<0.0001

Abbreviation: mMRC, modified Medical Research Council.