The Relation Between Clinical Phenotypes, GOLD Groups/Stages and Mortality in COPD Patients – A Prospective Multicenter Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of the Cohort (N=720)

Demography
Male sex		526 (73.1%)
Age at inclusion		66.6 (9.3)
Age at diagnosis		58.7 (10.9)
Body Mass Index		27.1 (6.0)
Smoking status	Ex-smoker	500 (69.4%)
	Non-smoker	70 (9.7%)
	Smoker	150 (20.8%)
Symptoms
mMRC score	0	33 (4.6%)
	1	137 (19.0%)
	2	287 (39.9%)
	3	148 (20.6%)
	4	115 (16.0%)
CAT score		16.1 (7.8)
Fatigue		336 (47.2%)
Cough		523 (72.6%)
Expectoration		422 (58.6%)
Sputum production		39 (5.4%)
Hemoptysis		37 (5.1%)
Atopy		84 (11.7%)
Asthma		72 (10.0%)
Exacerbations (last 12 months)
Treated at home		0.8 (1.4)
> 0		296 (41.1%)
Treated at hospital		0.4 (0.8)
> 0		183 (25.4%)
Total		1.2 (1.7)
> 0		380 (52.8%)
Lung function tests
FEV1 (% of predicted)		44.4 (11.4)
FVC (% of predicted)		70.0 (17.3)
IVC (% of predicted)		73.1 (17.4)
FEV1/FVC (%)		0.5 (0.1)
RV (% of predicted)		N=578; 189.4 (59.0)
TLC (% of predicted)		N=575; 112.4 (25.8)
RV/TLC (%)		N=538; 66.8 (21.0)
IC/TLC (%)		N=414; 42.1 (24.6)
TLCO (% of predicted)		N=466; 52.1 (21.9)
FeNO (ppb)		N=273; 18.7 (19.0)
6MWD (m)		N=551; 335.3 (131.1)
Phenotypes
“Czech”	Bronchitic	422 (58.6%)
	Emphysematous	279 (79.3%)
	Bronchiectases/COPD overlap	107 (31.1%)
	Asthma/COPD overlap	22 (3.9%)
	Exacerbator	229 (31.8%)
	Cachexia	108 (15.0%)
“Spanish”	Asthma/COPD overlap	82 (11.4%)
	Non-exacerbator	441 (61.3%)
	Exacerbator with emphysema	140 (19.4%)
	Exacerbator with chronic bronchitis	57 (7.9%)
GOLD
Stages (1–4)	1	0 (0.0%)
	2	266 (36.9%)
	3	361 (50.1%)
	4	93 (12.9%)
Groups 2016 (A–D)	A	35 (4.9%)
	B	150 (20.8%)
	C	36 (5.0%)
	D	499 (69.3%)
Groups 2019 (A–D)	A	61 (8.5%)
	B	380 (52.8%)
	C	10 (1.4%)
	D	269 (37.4%)
Prognostic indices
BODE score		N=551; 4.2 (2.1)
ADO score		4.7 (1.6)

Notes: Categorical parameters are described by absolute (relative) frequencies. Relative frequencies are calculated from valid data. Continuous variables are described by valid N and mean (standard deviation).

Abbreviations: mMRC, modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale; CAT, COPD Assessment Test; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; IVC, inspiratory vital capacity; FVC, forced vital capacity; RV, residual volume; TLC, total lung capacity; RV/TLC, residual volume to total lung capacity ratio; IC/TLC, inspiratory capacity to total lung capacity ratio; TL_CO, total lung diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide; FeNO, fractional exhaled nitric oxide; ppb, part per billion; m, meter; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; BODE, (index) Body-mass index, airflow Obstruction Dyspnoea Exercise capacity; ADO, (index) Age, Dyspnoea, airflow Obstruction.

Figure 1 Continued.

Figure 1 Continued.

Figure 1 (A–F) Long-term survival according to presence / absence of “Czech” phenotypes: bronchitic (A), emphysematous (B), bronchiectases / COPD overlap (C), asthma / COPD overlap (D), frequent exacerbator (E) and pulmonary cachexia (F).

Notes: Yes = the phenotype is present, No = the phenotype is absent. Statistically significant differences are in bold. *Statistically significant difference versus reference category.

Figure 2 Long-term survival according to “Spanish” phenotypes.

Notes: Statistically significant differences are in bold. *Statistically significant difference versus reference category.

Abbreviations: ACO,Asthma / COPD overlap; AE CB, exacerbator with chronic bronchitis; AE non-CB, exacerbator with emphysema; NE, non-exacerbator.

Figures 3 (A and B) Long-term survival according to presence of combination of “Czech” phenotypes: emphysematous and cachexia (A) and emphysematous and cachexia and frequent exacerbator (B).

Notes: Yes = the combination of phenotypes is present, No = the combination of phenotypes is absent. Statistically significant differences are in bold. *Statistically significant difference versus reference category.