Native American Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations in a Tertiary Academic Medical Center – A Pilot Study

Figures & data

Figure 1 Selection of patients.

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of Patients with COPD Exacerbation (91 Patients)

Patient Characteristics	N=91
Age, yr^a	60 ± 11
Sex, F, %	64
Smoking history, no. (%)^a
Current smoker	53 (58)
Ex smoker	33 (36)
Never smoked	5 (5)
Obesity categories, no. (%)^b
Underweight	5 (6)
Normal	24 (26)
Overweight	20 (22)
Obesity class I	15 (17)
Obesity class II	11 (12)
Obesity class III	16 (18)
Diabetes, no. (%)	38 (42)
Patients ever had COPD hospitalizations, no. (%)	76 (84)
Spirometry
FEV1, % pred (no.=19)	65 ± 22
FVC, % pred (no.= 19)	80 ± 22

Notes: ^aAccording to last encounter. ^bBody mass index (BMI) was classified into six categories: underweight (BMI <18.5), normal (BMI 18.5–24.99), overweight (BMI 25.0–29.99), obesity class I (BMI 30.0–34.99), class II (BMI 35.0–39.99), and class III (BMI of 40.0 or higher).

Abbreviations: FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity.

Figure 2 COPD comorbidities distribution (91 patients).

Table 2 Linear Regression Analysis for COPD Length of Stay and Clinical Variables

Variables	Coefficient (95% CI)	p value
Age	0.17 (−0.16–0.49)	0.31
Sex, female	3.19 (−3.55–9.94)	0.35
Diabetes	−1.02 (−8.65–6.61)	0.79
Obesity	1.70 (−0.51–3.91)	0.13
Number of comorbidities	−0.72 (−2.51–1.07)	0.43
Number of COPD hospitalizations	−0.04 (−2.19–2.11)	0.97
History of ICU care	4.26 (−4.45–12.98)	0.33
History of mechanic ventilator support	6.72 (−3.06 −16.49)	0.18

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.

Table 3 Logistic Regression Analyses for COPD Health Outcome Variables

Variables	OR (95% CI)
	30-Day Readmission	p value	Discharge with O2	p value
Age	0.94 (0.85–1.04)	0.24	0.93 (0.87–0.99)	0.02
Sex, female	0.23 (0.02–3.08)	0.27	2.24 (0.72–7.03)	0.17
Diabetes	1.38 (0.20–9.48)	0.74	0.81 (0.22–3.01)	0.75
Obesity	1.33 (0.65–2.74)	0.43	0.94 (0.63–1.40)	0.77
Number of comorbidities	0.71 (0.45–1.14)	0.16	0.99 (0.73–1.35)	0.96
Number of COPD hospitalizations	0.69 (0.43–1.10)	0.12	0.72 (0.50–1.03)	0.07
History of ICU care	0.50 (0.034–6.64)	0.60	1.96 (0.49–7.82)	0.34
History of mechanic ventilator support	1.00 (0.05–21.54)	1.00	0.55 (0.11–2.65)	0.46

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.