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International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Volume 8, 2013 - Issue

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The association between COPD and heart failure risk: a review

Javier de Miguel Díez1 Pulmonology Department, Gregorio Maranon University Hospital, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, SpainCorrespondence[email protected]

Jorge Chancafe Morgan1 Pulmonology Department, Gregorio Maranon University Hospital, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain

Rodrigo Jiménez García2 Preventive Medicine and Public Health Teaching and Research Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain

Pages 305-312 | Published online: 28 Jun 2013

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Figure 1 Lung inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may contribute to the appearance of cardiovascular events.

Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IL-6, interleukin-6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α.

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