Figure 1 PRISMA flow diagram of the literature review.
Notes:
aIncludes studies in small numbers of patients, patients in very specific populations, patients who are hospitalized, patients with an existing condition that increases risk for COPD, and studies investigating risk factors for COPD. Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PRISMA, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.
CricelliCMazzagliaGSamaniFPrevalence estimates for chronic diseases in Italy: exploring the differences between self-report and primary care databasesJ Public Health Med200325325425714575204
LindbergAJonssonACRönmarkELundgrenRLarssonLGLundbäckBPrevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease according to BTS, ERS, GOLD, and ATS criteria in relation to doctor’s diagnosis, symptoms, age, gender, and smoking habitsRespiration200572547147916210885
LundbäckBLindbergALindstromMObstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden StudiesNot 15 but 50% of smokers develop COPD? – Report from the Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden StudiesRespir Med200397211512212587960
LindbergABjergARönmarkELarssonLGLundbäckBPrevalence and underdiagnosis of COPD by disease severity and the attributable fraction of smoking. Report from the obstructive lung disease in Northern Sweden studiesRespir Med2006100226427215975774
MontnémeryRNihlenUAnderssonMObstructive airways diseases, smoking, and use of inhaled corticosteroids in southern Sweden in 1992 and 2000Int J Tuberc Lung Dis200610549049816704029
ShahabLJarvisMJBrittonJWestRPrevalence, diagnosis, and relation to tobacco dependence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a nationally representative population sampleThorax200661121043104717040932
SorianoJBDavisKJColemanBVisickGManninoDPrideNBThe proportional Venn diagram of obstructive lung disease: two approximations from the United States and the United KingdomChest2003124247448112907531
CelliBRHalbertRJNordykeRJSchauBAirway obstruction in never smokers: results from the third national health and nutrition examination surveyAm J Med2005118121364137216378780
HnizdoESullivanPABangKMWagnerGAssociation between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and employment by industry and occupation in the US population: a study of data from the third national health and nutrition examination surveyAm J Epidemiol2002156873874612370162
ManninoDMGagnonRCPettyTLLydickEObstructive lung disease and low lung function in adults in the United States: data from the national health and nutrition examination survey, 1988–1994Arch Intern Med2000160111683168910847262
Vaz FragosoCAConcatoJMcAvayGThe ratio of FEV1 to FVC as a basis for establishing chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAm J Respir Crit Care Med2010181544645120019341
CerveriIAccordiniSVerlatoGEuropean Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) Study GroupVariations in the prevalence across countries of chronic bronchitis and smoking habits in young adultsEur Respir J2001181859211510810
SiafakasNMVermeirePPrideNBOptimal assessment and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The European Respiratory Society Task ForceEur Respir J8199588139814207489808
de MarcoRAccordiniSCerveriIIncidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a cohort of young adults according to the presence of chronic cough and phlegmAm J Respir Crit Care Med20071751323917008642
GershonASWangCWiltonASRautRToTTrends in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease prevalence, incidence, and mortality in Ontario, Canada, 1996 to 2007: a population-based studyArch Intern Med2010170656056520308643
KojimaSSakakibaraHMotaniSIncidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the relationship between age and smoking in a Japanese populationJ Epidemiol2007172546017420613
LindbergAJonssonACRönmarkELundgrenRLarssonLGLundbäckBTen-year cumulative incidence of COPD and risk factors for incident disease in a symptomatic cohortChest200512751544155215888826
NihlenUNybergPMontnémeryPLofdahlCGInfluence of family history and smoking habits on the incidence of self-reported physician’s diagnosis of COPDRespir Med200498326327015002763
LindbergAErikssonBLarssonLGRönmarkESandstromTLundbäckBSeven-year cumulative incidence of COPD in an age-stratified general population sampleChest2006129487988516608933
García RodríguezLAWallanderMATolosaLBJohanssonSChronic obstructive pulmonary disease in UK primary care: incidence and risk factorsCOPD20096536937919863366
BerendNEpidemiological survey of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency in AustraliaRespirology2001Suppl 6S21S2511438021
FuhrmanCJouglaENicolauJEilsteinDDelmasMCDeaths from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in France, 1979–2002: a multiple cause analysisThorax2006611193093416738039
KazerouniNAlversonCJReddSCMottJAManninoDMSex differences in COPD and lung cancer mortality trends: United States, 1968–1999J Womens Health. (Larchmt)2004131172315006274
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)Deaths from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: United States, 2000–2005MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep200857451229123219008792
SinghGKHiattRATrends and disparities in socioeconomic and behavioural characteristics, life expectancy, and cause-specific mortality of native-born and foreign-born populations in the United States, 1979–2003Int J Epidemiol200635490391916709619
Boutin-ForzanoSMoreauDKalabokaSReported prevalence and co-morbidity of asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema: A pan-European estimationInt J Tuberc Lung Dis200711669570217519104
BuistASMcBurnieMAVollmerWMInternational variation in the prevalence of COPD (the BOLD Study): a population-based prevalence studyLancet2007370958974175017765523
MenottiAMulderINissinenAGiampaoliSFeskensEJKromhoutDPrevalence of morbidity and multimorbidity in elderly male populations and their impact on 10-year all-cause mortality: The FINE study (Finland, Italy, Netherlands, Elderly)J Clin Epidemiol200154768068611438408
RennardSDecramerMCalverleyPMImpact of COPD in North America and Europe in 2000: subjects’ perspective of Confronting COPD International SurveyEur Respir J200220479980512412667
SvanesCOmenaasEJarvisDChinnSGulsvikABurneyPParental smoking in childhood and adult obstructive lung disease: Results from the European Community Respiratory Health SurveyThorax200459429530215047948
de MarcoRAccordiniSCerveriIEuropean Community Respiratory Health Survey Study GroupAn international survey of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in young adults according to GOLD stagesThorax200459212012514760151
CampPGChaudhryMPlattHThe sex factor: epidemiology and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in British ColumbiaCan Respir J200815841742219107241
LacasseYMontoriVMLanthierCMaltisFThe validity of diagnosing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from a large administrative databaseCan Respir J200512525125616107913
ChenYBreithauptKMuhajarineNOccurrence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among Canadians and sex-related risk factorsJ Clin Epidemiol200053775576110941954
HillKGoldsteinRSGuyattGHPrevalence and underdiagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among patients at risk in primary careCMAJ2010182767367820371646
VozorisNLougheedMDSecond-hand smoke exposure in Canada: prevalence, risk factors, and association with respiratory and cardiovascular diseasesCan Respir J200815526326918716689
HuchonGJVergnenegreANeukirchFBramiGRocheNPreuxPMChronic bronchitis among French adults: high prevalence and underdiagnosisEur Respir J200220480681212412668
AnecchinoCRossiEFanizzaCDe RossiMTognoniGRomeroMworking group ARNO projectPrevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pattern of comorbidities in a general populationInt J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis20072456757418268930
FukahoriSMatsuseHTakamuraNPrevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases in general clinics in terms of FEV1/FVCInt J Clin Pract200963226927419196365
BischoffEWSchermerTRBorHBrownPvan WeelCvan den BoschWJTrends in COPD prevalence and exacerbation rates in Dutch primary careBr J Gen Pract20095956992793319891824
MiravitllesMde la RozaCMoreraJChronic respiratory symptoms, spirometry and knowledge of COPD among general populationRespir Med2006100111973198016626950
MiravitllesMSorianoJBGarcía-RíoFPrevalence of COPD in Spain: impact of undiagnosed COPD on quality of life and daily life activitiesThorax2009641086386819553233
PeñaVSMiravitllesMGabrielRGeographic variations in prevalence and underdiagnosis of COPD: results of the IBER-POC multicentre epidemiological studyChest2000118498198911035667
Ekberg-AronssonMLofdahlKNilssonJALofdahlCGNilssonPMHospital admission rates among men and women with symptoms of chronic bronchitis and airflow limitation corresponding to the GOLD stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease--a population-based studyRespir Med2008102110912017928213
HasselgrenMArneMLindahlAJansonSLundbäckBEstimated prevalences of respiratory symptoms, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease related to detection rate in primary health careScand J Prim Health Care2001191545711303549
MontnémeryPBengtssonPElliotALindholmLHNybergPLofdahlCGPrevalence of obstructive lung diseases and respiratory symptoms in relation to living environment and socio-economic groupRespir Med200195974475211575896
PallasahoPLundbäckBMerenMPrevalence and risk factors for asthma and chronic bronchitis in the capitals Helsinki, Stockholm, and TallinnRespir Med2002961075976912412974
RönmarkEPEkerljungLLötvallJTorénKRönmarkELundbäckBLarge scale questionnaire survey on respiratory health in Sweden: Effects of late- and non-responseRespir Med2009103121807181519695859
WiréhenABKarlssonHMCarstensenJMEstimating disease prevalence using a population-based administrative healthcare databaseScand J Public Health200735442443117786807
FaulconerERde LusignanSAn eight-step method for assessing diagnostic data quality in practice: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as an exemplarInform Prim Care200412424325415808026
NaculLCSoljakMMeadeTModel for estimating the population prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Cross sectional data from the health survey for EnglandPopul Health Metr20075817897444
BangKMSyamlalGMazurekJMPrevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the U.S. working population: an analysis of data from the 1997–2004 National Health Interview SurveyCOPD20096538038719863367
ChamberlainAMSchabathMBFolsomARAssociations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with all-cause mortality in Blacks and Whites: the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) studyEthn Dis200919330831419769014
HnizdoESullivanPABangKMWagnerGAirflow obstruction attributable to work in industry and occupation among U.S. race/ethnic groups: a study of NHANES III dataAm J Ind Med200446212613515273964
ManninoDMBuistASPettyTLEnrightPLReddSCLung function and mortality in the United States: data from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey follow up studyThorax200358538839312728157
O’MalleyASPhamHHSchragDWuBBachPBPotentially avoidable hospitalizations for COPD and pneumonia: the role of physician and practice characteristicsMed Care200745656257017515784
PleisJRBarnesPMA comparison of respiratory conditions between multiple race adults and their single race counterparts: An analysis based on American Indian/Alaska Native and white adultsEthn Health200813539941518850367
TinkelmanDGGeorgeDHalbertRJChronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients under age 65: Utilization and costs from a managed care sampleJ Occup Environ Med200547111125113016282873