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International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Volume 16, 2021 - Issue
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Research Letter

Characterizing Gas Exchange Physiology in Healthy Young Electronic-Cigarette Users with Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI: A Pilot Study

Mu He1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USAView further author information
,
Kun Qing2 Department of Radiology & Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA;3 Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USAView further author information
,
Nicholas J Tustison2 Department of Radiology & Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USAORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9418-5103View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Zach Beaulac4 Department of Chemistry, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USAView further author information
,
Tabitha W King5 Shared Research Instrumentation Facility, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USAView further author information
,
Thomas B Huff5 Shared Research Instrumentation Facility, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USAView further author information
,
Mikell Paige4 Department of Chemistry, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USAView further author information
,
Kranthikiran Earasi1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USAView further author information
,
Roselove Nunoo-Asare1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USAView further author information
,
Sarah Struchen2 Department of Radiology & Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USAView further author information
,
Marie Burdick1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USAView further author information
,
Zhimin Zhang1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USAView further author information
,
Alan Ropp2 Department of Radiology & Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USAView further author information
,
Grady W Miller2 Department of Radiology & Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USAView further author information
,
James T Patrie6 School of Public Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USAView further author information
,
Jaime F Mata2 Department of Radiology & Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USAView further author information
,
John P Mugler 3rd2 Department of Radiology & Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USAView further author information
&
Yun Michael Shim1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA;2 Department of Radiology & Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USACorrespondence[email protected]
View further author information
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Pages 3183-3187 | Published online: 23 Nov 2021

Figures & data

Figure 1 Representative ventilation and gas-exchange MRI with quantitative maps for a healthy control (FEV1% =103%, FVC%=109%) and an asymptomatic e-cigarette user (FEV1% =104%, FVC%=106%, %DLCO=103%). The first row shows ventilation scans (brighter appearance represents better-ventilated areas). For the quantitative ventilation maps (second row) of the young, healthy control vs the e-cigarette subject, VDP (areas without any ventilation) was 1% vs 1%. The third through fifth rows show the three gas-exchange ratios: Tissue-to-Gas (T/G, third row), RBC-to-Gas (R/G, fourth row), and RBC-to-Tissue (R/T, fifth row) ratios, where red indicates low gas exchange and yellow indicates high gas exchange. For the quantitative gas exchange maps of the young, healthy control vs the e-cigarette subject, T/G ratio was 1.11% vs 0.84%, R/G ratio 0.36% vs 0.34%, and R/T ratio 0.32 vs 0.41.

Figure 1 Representative ventilation and gas-exchange MRI with quantitative maps for a healthy control (FEV1% =103%, FVC%=109%) and an asymptomatic e-cigarette user (FEV1% =104%, FVC%=106%, %DLCO=103%). The first row shows ventilation scans (brighter appearance represents better-ventilated areas). For the quantitative ventilation maps (second row) of the young, healthy control vs the e-cigarette subject, VDP (areas without any ventilation) was 1% vs 1%. The third through fifth rows show the three gas-exchange ratios: Tissue-to-Gas (T/G, third row), RBC-to-Gas (R/G, fourth row), and RBC-to-Tissue (R/T, fifth row) ratios, where red indicates low gas exchange and yellow indicates high gas exchange. For the quantitative gas exchange maps of the young, healthy control vs the e-cigarette subject, T/G ratio was 1.11% vs 0.84%, R/G ratio 0.36% vs 0.34%, and R/T ratio 0.32 vs 0.41.

Figure 2 (A–D) Comparison of quantitative ventilation and gas-exchange MRI results between young e-cigarette subjects (n=5) and age-matched healthy controls (n=10). Compared to healthy controls, e-cigarette subjects demonstrated significantly decreased Tissue-to-Gas ratio (p=0.04) and significantly elevated RBC-to-Tissue ratio (p=0.0007). P values were generated by the Mann–Whitney t-test.

Figure 2 (A–D) Comparison of quantitative ventilation and gas-exchange MRI results between young e-cigarette subjects (n=5) and age-matched healthy controls (n=10). Compared to healthy controls, e-cigarette subjects demonstrated significantly decreased Tissue-to-Gas ratio (p=0.04) and significantly elevated RBC-to-Tissue ratio (p=0.0007). P values were generated by the Mann–Whitney t-test.

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