Feasibility of RESP-FIT: Technology-Enhanced Self-Management Intervention for Adults with COPD

Figures & data

Figure 1 SAMS app home navigation screen.

Figure 2 CONSORT diagram of participant recruitment and retention.

Figure 3 Flow diagram of the study process and participant randomization.

Figure 4 Combined expiratory and inspiratory respiratory muscle strength trainer.

Table 1 Timepoints of Study Procedures and Measures

Timepoint	Study Period
	Enrollment	Post- Allocation
	Day 0	Week 6	Week 16
Enrollment
Preeligibility screening checklist	X
Informed consent	X
Eligibility screening	X
Allocation	X
Interventions
RESP-FIT (Intervention)		X	X
Enhanced Usual Care (Control)		X	X
Assessments and Measures
Demographics and clinical characteristics	X
St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire	X		X
PROMIS Dyspnea Functional Limitations 10a	X	X	X
PROMIS Dyspnea Task Avoidance	X	X	X
PROMIS Fatigue 6a	X	X	X
PROMIS Depression 6a	X	X	X
PROMIS Anxiety 6a	X	X	X
PROMIS Pain Intensity 3a	X	X	X
Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease - 6 item	X	X	X
Maximal Inspiratory & Maximal Expiratory Pressure	X	X
FEV1/FVC %	X	X
Daily physical activity & sleep tracking	X	X
Mobile Application Rating Scale		X

Table 2 Participant Demographics

	Intervention (n=15)	Control (n=15)
Age in years	55.2 ± 6.9	61.7 ± 7.3
Birth country
Japan		6.7% (1/15)
United States	100% (15/15)	93.3% (14/15)
Female	66.7% (10/15)	60.0% (9/15)
Race/ethnicity
Black or African-American	26.7% (4/15)	26.7% (4/15)
White	73.3% (11/15)	73.3% (11/15)
Not Hispanic or LatinX	100% (15/15)	100% (15/15)
Education
11th grade	6.7% (1/15)	0
High school graduate	6.7% (1/15)	26.7% (4/15)
GED or equivalent	13.3% (2/15)	6.7% (1/15)
Some college, no degree	33.3% (5/15)	33.3% (5/15)
Associate degree*	20.0% (3/15)	13.3% (2/15)
Bachelor’s degree	6.7% (1/15)	13.3% (2/15)
Master’s degree	13.3% (2/15)	6.7% (1/15)
Caregiver type
Self	100% (14/14)	73.3% (11/15)
Spouse or partner	0	26.7% (4/15)
Employment status
Disabled (permanently or temporarily)	46.7% (7/15)	40% (6/15)
Looking for work, unemployed	0	6.7% (1/15)
Retired	33.3% (5/15)	33.3% (5/15)
Working now	20.0% (3/15)	20.0% (3/15)
Marital status
Never married	20.0% (3/15)	6.7% (1/15)
Married or domestic partnership	53.3% (8/15)	60.0% (9/15)
Separated	6.7% (1/15)	6.7% (1/15)
Divorced	20.0% (3/15)	20.0% (3/15)
Widowed	0	6.7% (1/15)
Number of household members (total count)
1	26.7% (4/15)	26.7% (4/15)
2	60.0% (9/15)	53.3% (8/15)
3	6.7% (1/15)	13.3% (2/15)
≥4	6.7% (1/15)	6.7% (1/15)
BMI	21.6 ± 12.3	24.6 ± 15.3
Years since COPD diagnosis	7.3 ± 4.5	12.2 ± 9.6
Chronic conditions
Arthritis	20.0% (3/15)	13.3% (2/15)
Cancer	0	6.7% (1/15)
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease + assoc. cond.	100% (15/15)	100% (15/15)
Depression	20.0% (3/15)	6.7% (1/15)
Heart disease	6.7% (1/15)	0
Hypertension	13.3% (2/15)	13.3% (2/15)
Osteoporosis	13.3% (2/15)	0
Stroke	6.7% (1/15)	0
Has ever been diagnosed with:
Sleep apnea	33.3% (5/15)	40.0% (6/15)
Depression	33.3% (5/15)	53.3% (8/15)
Anxiety	46.7% (7/15)	66.7% (10/15)
Lung cancer	0	6.7% (1/15)
Pulmonary fibrosis	6.7% (1/15)	0
Asthma	26.7% (4/15)	53.3% (8/15)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	0	6.7% (1/15)
Alzheimer’s Disease	0	6.7% (1/15)
Other	60.0% (9/15)	53.3% (8/15)
None of the above	6.7% (1/15)	0
Ever in lifetime smoked or used e-cigarettes	86.7% (13/15)	93.3% (14/15)
How long since you last smoked regularly?
Less than 1 year)	38.5% (5/13)	21.4% (3/14)
1 year or more but less than 5 years	30.8% (4/13)	28.6% (4/14)
(5 years or more but less than 10 years	15.4% (2/13)	0
10 years or more	15.4% (2/13)	50.0% (7/14)

Table 3 App Function Usage

	Symptom Tracking via EMA n (%)	Training n (%)	Recording Training or Inhaler Technique n (%)	Compensation n (%)
Baseline to 6 weeks	26 (87%)	15 (50%)	3 (20%)	26 (87%)

Table 4 Mobile Application Rating Scale (Acceptability) Results

MARS App Quality Ratings (n=26)	Mean (SD)	Range
Engagement	2.73 (0.76)	1.60–4.60
Functionality	4.17 (0.67)	2.5–5.0
Aesthetics	3.60 (0.76)	2.00–5.00
Information Quality	1.27 (1.24)	0.38–4.38
Subjective Quality	3.38 (1.09)	1.00–4.75

Abbreviation: EMA, ecological momentary assessment.