Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Meta-Analysis

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics and Results of Included Studies – Risk of CHD in People with COPD

Study	Design and Setting	Population	CHD Definition	Maximally Adjusted Estimate (95% CI)	Factors Adjusted for
Li et al 2015^Citation9	A nationwide retrospective cohort study using the Taiwan National Health Institute Research Database from 1998 to 2008, with a follow-up period extending to the end of 2010	For the claims data collected from 1998 to 2008, the ICD-9-CM code 496 was used to identify newly diagnosed chronic COPD or inclusion in the study cohort. All patients without a history of COPD were randomly selected from the registry of beneficiaries. The study enrolled 20728 COPD patients and 41147 controls.	According to (ICD-9-CM410-414)	HR 1.34(1.17-1.54)	Sex, age and comorbidities
Liao et al 2015^Citation10	A retrospective cohort design using the Taiwan Health Insurance Research Database. Patients in the study cohort were followed to the end of 2011.	The eligible study subjects were patients who received a discharge diagnosis of COPD (ICD-9-CM codes: 490–492, 496) during a hospitalization between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2011.Control subjects were selected from hospitalized patients. The study included 8640 patients with COPD and 17280 controls.	According to (ICD-9-CM)	HR 1.58(1.2-2.08)	Age, gender and comorbidities
Mattila et al 2018^Citation11	The Mini-Finland Health Survey was carried out between 1978 and 1980.Patients were followed up through record linkage with national registers through 2011.	The data from 5576 subjects who had all pertinent health information collected through interviews, questionnaires, and clinical examinations, and for whom a comprehensive health examination was performed.	A major coronary event includes hospital care periods with ICD codes 410 and 411.0 (ICD-8 and ICD-9) and I20.0, I21, and I22 (ICD-10)	HR 1.06(0.79-1.42)	Age, gender and confounding factors
Ingebrigtsen et al 2020^Citation12	Data from The Copenhagen General Population Study. Recruitment began in 2003, and a follow-up examination of all individuals was initiated in 2014 and is still ongoing.	Identified 54046 individuals defined by one of eight groups of different phenotypes of airway disease, based on the information obtained in the questionnaires and results of spirometry, and a reference group consisting of participants with no respiratory disease.	Coronary heart disease (ICD-8:410-414 and ICD-10:I20–I25)	Stage 1+2 HR 1.5 (1.38-1.62) Stage 3+4 HR 2.15 (1.75-2.66)	Age and gender
Liao et al 2015^Citation13	The data used in the present study were derived from a sub-dataset of the NHIRD that comprises all records collected from 1996 to 2010 on 1 million randomly sampled beneficiaries enrolled in the NHI in 2010.	20492 patients with COPD were selected to be the study patients and were designated as the COPD cohort. For each COPD patient, two non-COPD patients were randomly selected from the same study period according to the same exclusion criteria and were frequency-matched with the COPD patients according to age and sex to construct the non-COPD cohort, which comprised 40765 patients.	Coronary artery disease (ICD-9-CM410–414)	HR 1.19(1.09-1.20)	Age and sex

Figure 1 The inclusion and exclusion data process summarization. Data sources were all PubMed and web of science searched up to August 2021 based on specific search term.

Figure 2 Forest plot shows risk of CHD in people with COPD. It showed that the risk of CHD in COPD patients was 1.24 times higher than that in non-COPD patients.

Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CHD, coronary heart disease.

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