Eosinopenia Predicting Long-term Mortality in Hospitalized Acute Exacerbation of COPD Patients with Community-acquired Pneumonia—A Retrospective Analysis

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flow chart of study population.

Abbreviations: CT, computed tomography; CAP, community-acquired pneumonia.

Table 1 Comparison of Baseline Demographic and Comorbidity Data Between Eosinopenia and Non-eosinopenia Groups

Variables	Eosinopenia (n=41)	Non-eosinopenia (n=18)	p
Age, years, mean (SD)	78.27 (10.25)	72.89 (9.25)	0.061
Male, n (%)	26 (63.4%)	14 (77.8%)	0.227
Smoker, n (%)	23 (56.1%)	13 (72.2%)	0.242
BMI, kg/m^2, mean (SD)	22.10 (4.03)	22.67 (3.44)	0.603
EF<50%, n (%)	6 (14.6%)	4 (22.2%)	0.474
Comorbidity
Congestive heart failure, n (%)	9 (22.2%)	4 (22.2%)	0.982
History of malignancy, n (%)	3 (7.3%)	2 (11.1%)	0.630
Renal insufficiency, n (%)	4 (9.8%)	1 (5.6%)	0.594
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	7 (17.1%)	2 (11.1%)	0.558
Atrial fibrillation, n (%)	10 (24.4%)	1 (5.6%)	0.087
Hypertension, n (%)	21 (51.2%)	10 (55.6%)	0.759
History of organ transplant, n (%)	0 (0)	0 (0)	–
HIV, n (%)	0 (0)	0 (0)	–
History of tuberculosis, n (%)	4 (9.8%)	0 (0)	0.297

Abbreviations: SD, stand deviation; BMI, body mass index; EF, ejection fraction; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.

Table 2 Comparison of Clinical Expression Between Eosinopenia and Non-eosinopenia Groups

Variables	Eosinopenia (n=41)	Non-eosinopenia (n=18)	p
CURB65, median (IQR)	2.00 (1.00, 3.00)	1.50 (1.00, 2.00)	0.216
PSI, median (IQR)	111.00 (86.5, 131.00)	100.50 (77.75, 109.75)	0.247
Admitted via emergency department, n(%)	40(97.6%)	14(77.8%)	0.012
Pro-BNP, pg/mL, median (IQR)	970.00 (422.47, 2291.75)	279.50 (120.75, 1397.25)	0.046
D-dimer, μg/L, median (IQR)	1700.00 (900.00, 2600.00)	730.00 (502.50, 1165.00.75)	0.003
Blood cells count
White blood cell count, ×10^9/L, median (IQR)	9.60 (7.30, 12.30)	7.95 (6.10, 11.08)	0.208
Neutrophil count, ×10^9/L, median (IQR)	7.58 (5.54, 10.76)	5.67 (4.10, 8.36)	0.062
Neutrophil percentage (%), median (IQR)	84.90 (80.95, 89.80)	72.25 (65.40, 76.78)	<0.001
Lymphocyte count, ×10^9/L, median (IQR)	0.62 (0.46, 0.86)	1.25 (0.95, 1.68)	<0.001
Lymphocyte percentage (%), median (IQR)	7.20 (4.45, 10.55)	17.05 (10.10, 10.23)	<0.001
Arterial blood gas analysis
Baseline PaO2, mmHg, median (IQR)	77.30 (61.60, 91.70)	83.90 (73.80, 100.00)	0.206
Baseline PaCO2, mmHg, median (IQR)	48.80 (38.50, 55.00)	56.80 (38.40, 67.20)	0.412

Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; PSI, pneumonia severity index; pro-BNP, pro-brain natriuretic peptide; PaO₂, partial pressure of oxygen; PaCO₂, partial pressure of carbon dioxide.

Figure 2 Infection biomarkers between eosinopenia and non-eosinopenia groups. (A) CRP levels; (B) procalcitonin levels.

Abbreviation: CRP, C-reactive protein.

Table 3 Comparison of Treatment Between Eosinopenia and Non-eosinopenia Groups

Variables	Eosinopenia (n=41)	Non-Eosinopenia (n=18)	p
Length of hospital stay, days, median (IQR)	8.00 (6.00, 15.00)	8.00 (5.25, 11.00)	0.437
Hospital cost, ¥, median (IQR)	20,598.00 (11,357.00, 55,709.50)	14,295.50 (7748.00, 19,584.00)	0.043
In-hospital treatment
Duration of antibiotic use, days, median (IQR)	7.00 (5.00, 13.0)	6.50 (3.75, 9.25)	0.097
Non-invasive ventilation, n (%)	13(31.7%)	4(22.2%)	0.459
Mechanical ventilation, n (%)	14(34.1%)	2(11.1%)	0.067
Corticosteroids use
Systemic corticosteroids use, n (%)	30(73.2%)	9(50.0%)	0.083
Total dose of systemic corticosteroids, mg, median (IQR)^#	160.00 (0.00, 240.00)	40.00 (0.00, 120.00)	0.019
Daily dose of systemic corticosteroids, mg/day, median (IQR)^#	40.00 (0.00, 40.00)	18.40 (0.00, 40.00)	0.028
Total dose of ICS, mg, median (IQR)*	42.00 (22.50, 64.00)	36.00 (20.25, 64.00)	0.824
Daily dose of ICS, mg/day, median (IQR)*	6.00 (3.23, 6.00)	6.00 (3.00, 6.00)	0.412

Notes: ^#Reported in methylprednisolone equivalent. *Reported in BDP (budesonide equivalent).

Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; ¥, Chinese Yuan; ICS, inhaled corticosteroids.

Figure 3 Eighteen-month survival between eosinopenia and non-eosinopenia groups. Kaplan–Meier analysis of survival to 18 months after hospital discharge.