Emergency Department Visits Due to Dyspnea: Association with Inhalation Therapy in COPD and Cases with Adverse Drug Reactions

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of the COPD-Cases in ADRED in General and Compared Between Cases with Adequately Dosage and Underdosage of Inhalation Therapy

	∑ n= (% or IQR)
ADRED cases	2939 (100%)
COPD cases	309 (11%)
COPD cases classified according to GOLD	Total ∑ n=112	Cases with underdosage ∑ n=46	Cases with adequately dosage ∑ n=54
Male, n (%)	68 (61)	27 (59)	35 (65)
Female, n (%)	44 (39)	19 (41)	19 (35)
Age (years), median (IQR)	74 (68; 82)	76 (71; 84)	73 (64; 81)
Amount of drugs, median (IQR)	11 (7; 14)	12 (8; 16)	9 (6; 12)
Amount of drugs (excluding inhalative drugs), median (IQR)	9 (6; 12)	10 (8; 13)	7 (6; 10)
Co-diagnosis diabetes mellitus, n (%)	38 (34)	12 (26)	23 (43)
Co-diagnosis coronary heart disease, n (%)	41 (37)	17 (37)	19 (35)
Co-diagnosis chronic kidney disease, n (%)	22 (20)	15 (33)	5 (9)
Co-diagnosis hypertension, n (%)	84 (75)	34 (74)	42 (78)
Co-diagnosis obesity, n (%)	4 (4)	1 (2)	3 (6)
COPD Gold I	19 (17)	2 (4)	16 (30)
COPD Gold II	40 (36)	9 (20)	26 (48)
COPD Gold III	29 (26)	18 (39)	8 (15)
COPD Gold IV	24 (21)	17 (37)	4 (7)

Note: All numbers rounded to integral numbers.

Abbreviation: IQR, inter quartile range.

Figure 1 Therapy in the COPD Gold group (n=112); (A) inhalative therapy, (B) inhalative drug classes, (C) Venn chart of long-acting bronchodilatators and ICS, (D) Venn chart of short-acting bronchodilatators, All numbers rounded to integral numbers.

Abbreviations: LA, long-acting bronchodilatator; SA, short-acting bronchodilatator; ICS, inhalative glucocorticoid; LABA, long-acting β-agonists; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic-antagonists; SABA, short-acting β-agonists; SAMA, short-acting muscarinic-antagonists.

Table 2 Analysis of the Inhalation Therapy, Top 10 Symptoms Complaint and Admission Diagnosis “Dyspnea”

Top 10 Symptoms Complaint		Cases with Underdosage ∑ n=46 (%)	Cases with Adequately Dosage ∑ n=54 (%)	Significance (Pearson Chi Square)
1	Dyspnea	24 (52)	12 (22)	<0.01*
2	Dizziness	5 (11)	3 (6)	0.32
3	Cough	4 (9)	9 (17)	0.23
4	Anemia	4 (9)	8 (15)	0.34
5	Nausea	4 (9)	3 (6)	0.53
6	Reduction of general condition	4 (9)	8 (15)	0.34
7	Melaena	3 (7)	5 (9)	0.61
8	Hemoptysis	3 (7)	3 (6)	0.83
9	Fall	3 (7)	2 (4)	0.51
10	Asthenia	2 (4)	2 (4)	0.86
Admission diagnosis°		Cases with underdosage ∑ n=46 (%)	COPD cases with adequately dosage ∑ n=54 (%)	Significance (Pearson Chi Square)
R06 + J44		23 (50)	16 (30)	0.03*

Notes: All numbers rounded to integral numbers, *significant, according to ICD-10 (R06.0 Dyspnea, J44 COPD).

Table 3 Dyspnea in COPD-Cases Compared to GOLD and Therapy Assessment

	Cases with Underdosage ∑ n=46		Cases with Adequately Dosage ∑ n=54
	Total	Dyspnea (%)	Total	Dyspnea (%)
COPD Gold I	2	0 (0)	16	1 (6)
COPD Gold II	9	4 (44)	26	7 (27)
COPD Gold III	18	11 (61)	8	3 (38)
COPD Gold IV	17	9 (53)	4	1 (25)

Note: All numbers rounded to integral numbers.