Awareness of COPD and Its Risk Factors Among the Adult Population of the Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia

Figures & data

Figure 1 Distribution of study population based on their type of exposure to smoke/dust.

Figure 2 Distribution of the respondents based on their awareness about COPD and their knowledge of the primary organ affected by COPD.

Figure 3 Percent distribution of respondents ever diagnosed with COPD.

Table 1 Association Between Socio-Demographic Variables and Awareness of COPD Among Respondents

Sociodemographic Variables	Category	Ever Heard of COPD			Total (n=385)	P-value
		Yes (n= 116)	Do Not Know (n=46)	No (n= 223)
Nationality	Non-Saudi	1	0	5	6	0.41
		16.7%	0.0%	83.3%	100.0%
	Saudi	115	46	218	379
		30.3%	12.1%	57.5%	100.0%
Age	From 18 to 29 years	90	25	100	215	0.00
		41.9%	11.6%	46.5%	100.0%
	From 30 to 39 years	4	10	47	61
		6.6%	16.4%	77.0%	100.0%
	From 40 to 49 years	20	6	57	83
		24.1%	7.2%	68.7%	100.0%
	50 years and above	2	5	19	26
		7.7%	19.2%	73.1%	100.0%
Sex	Male	85	18	104	207	0.00
		41.1%	8.7%	50.2%	100.0%
	Female	31	28	119	178
		17.4%	15.7%	66.9%	100.0%
Marital Status	Divorced	2	0	0	2	0.00
		100.0%	0.0%	0.0%	100.0%
	Married	25	22	123	170
		14.7%	12.9%	72.4%	100.0%
	Unmarried	89	24	98	211
		42.2%	11.4%	46.4%	100.0%
	Widow	0	0	2	2
		0.0%	0.0%	100.0%	100.0%
Income	Less than 5000 SAR	76	25	100	201	0.00
		37.8%	12.4%	49.8%	100.0%
	More than 15,000 Saudi riyals	13	2	29	44
		29.5%	4.5%	65.9%	100.0%
	SAR 10001–15,000	9	6	46	61
		14.8%	9.8%	75.4%	100.0%
	SR 5001–10,000	18	13	48	79
		22.8%	16.5%	60.8%	100.0%
Education	Intermediate education	2	2	4	8	0.44
		25.0%	25.0%	50.0%	100.0%
	University education	95	32	171	298
		31.9%	10.7%	57.4%	100.0%
	High school education	19	12	48	79
		24.1%	15.2%	60.8%	100.0%
Occupation	Officer	34	13	104	151	0.00
		22.5%	8.6%	68.9%	100.0%
	Student	75	16	67	158
		47.5%	10.1%	42.4%	100.0%
	Unemployed	6	11	31	48
		12.5%	22.9%	64.6%	100.0%
	Retired	1	6	21	28
		3.6%	21.4%	75.0%	100.0%

Note: Bold: P-value < 0.05 is significant.

Table 2 Association Between Smoke and Dust Exposure and Awareness of COPD

Smoking & Other Behaviours	Category	Ever Heard of COPD			Total (n=385)	P-value
		Yes (n= 116)	Do Not Know (n=46)	No (n= 223)
Cigarette Smoker	Yes	14	4	24	42	0.82
		33.3%	9.5%	57.1%	100.0%
	No	102	42	199	343
		29.7%	12.2%	58.0%	100.0%
Shisha Smoker	Yes	11	3	21	35	0.81
		31.4%	8.6%	60.0%	100.0%
	No	105	43	202	350
		30.0%	12.3%	57.7%	100.0%
Electronic Smoker	Yes	12	5	21	38	0.93
		31.6%	13.2%	55.3%	100.0%
	No	104	41	202	347
		30.0%	11.8%	58.2%	100.0%
Spend Time or Sit with Smokers	Yes	50	13	77	140	0.14
		35.7%	9.3%	55.0%	100.0%
	No	66	33	146	245
		26.9%	13.5%	59.6%	100.0%
Spend Time in Shisha Café	Yes	13	5	27	45	0.95
		28.9%	11.1%	60.0%	100.0%
	No	103	41	196	340
		30.3%	12.1%	57.6%	100.0%
Use heating devices based on coal	Yes	24	10	39	73	0.68
		32.9%	13.7%	53.4%	100.0%
	No	92	36	184	312
		29.5%	11.5%	59.0%	100.0%
Exposed to dust	Yes	19	11	71	101	0.00
		18.8%	10.9%	70.3%	100.0%
	No	97	35	152	284
		34.2%	12.3%	53.5%	100.0%

Table 3 Respondents Answers Pertaining to Awareness of COPD

Questions	Category	Ever Heard of COPD (n= 116)
		N	%
Most common symptoms in COPD	Cough	12	10.34
	Pain in chest	6	5.17
	Shortness of breath	23	19.83
	Chest pain with more symptoms	9	7.76
	Cough with more symptoms	65	56.03
	Shortness of breath with more symptoms	0	0.00
	Do not know	1	0.86
COPD is exclusively because of progress in age?	Yes	12	10.34
	Do not know	12	10.34
	No	92	79.31
Is COPD more expensive for society than lung cancer?	Yes	48	41.38
	Do not know	42	36.21
	No	26	22.41
Does cigarette smoking affect COPD?	Yes	97	83.62
	Do not know	14	12.07
	No	5	4.31
Is COPD fully recoverable with the short-term use of antibiotics?	Yes	21	18.10
	Do not know	27	23.28
	No	68	58.62
Is COPD a rare disease?	Yes	15	12.93
	Do not know	31	26.72
	No	70	60.34
How long COPD should last?	6 months or less	11	9.48
	From 12 months to 18 months	5	4.31
	From 6 months to 12 months	22	18.97
	More than 18 months	37	31.90
	Do not know	41	35.34
Can COPD get worsen with smoke exposure?	Yes	105	90.52
	Do not know	10	8.62
	No	1	0.86
Can COPD lead to disability?	Yes	43	37.07
	Do not know	31	26.72
	No	42	36.21
Does quitting smoking have an important role in preventing COPD?	Yes	107	92.24
	Do not know	5	4.31
	No	4	3.45