Ever Smoking is Not Associated with Performed Spirometry while Occupational Exposure and Respiratory Symptoms are

Figures & data

Table 1 Descriptive Data of Subjects with and without History of Spirometry or PEF

Variables	History of Previously Performed Spirometry or PEF (n=479)	No History of Previously Spirometry or PEF (n=626)
Age, years (mean, SD)	57.5 (4.35)	57.0 (4.45)
Males	56.8%, n=272	44.9%, n=281
Never smoker	39.3%, n=188	46.0%, n=288
Former smoker	44.0%, n=211	34.8%, n=218
Current smoker	16.7%, n=80	19.2%, n=120
FEV1, percent predicted (SD)	95.3 (15.3)	96.6 (13.7)
FVC, percent predicted (SD)	99.7 (13.5)	99.7 (12.5)
CAL^a	13.4%, n=63	7.6%, n=47
Wheeze	12.9%, n=62	5.1%, n=32
Physician-diagnosed asthma	17.8%, n=85	2.2%, n=14
Physician-diagnosed COPD or emphysema	4.4%, n=21	1.3%, n=8
Dyspnea	14.6%, n=69	8.0%, n=47
Occupational exposure to VGDF	40.1%, n=193	25.2%, n=158

Note: ^aDiagnosis set after spirometry test in the current study.

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; AL, airflow limitation; CAL, chronic airflow limitation; VGDF, vapor, gas dust and fumes.

Table 2 Factors Associated with a History of Previously Performed Spirometry or PEF (n=479) in Basic Models. Presented as Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI)

Factors	All (n=1105)		Males (n=553)^c		Females (n=552)^c
	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Current smoking^a	1.02	(0.73–144)	1.16	(0.72–1.87)	0.91	(0.56–1.48)
Former smoking^a	1.42	(1.09–1.86)	1.65	(1.14–2.40)	1.22	(0.83–1.79)
Gender F vs M^a	0.63	(0.5–0.9)
Age (years)^a	1.02	(0.99–1.05)	1.01	(0.98–1.05)	1.02	(0.98–1.06)
Occupational exposure to VGDF^b	1.83	(1.40–2.39)	1.71	(1.20–2.42)	1.99	(1.30–3.03)
Wheeze^b	2.86	(1.81–4.51)	2.42	(1.29–4.54)	3.38	(1.74–6.55)
Dyspnea^b	2.12	(1.41–3.17)	1.93	(0.96–3.86)	2.20	(1.34–3.63)
Physician-diagnosed asthma^b	10.30	(5.73–18.51)	6.95	(2.87–16.84)	13.11	(6.05–28.38)
Physician COPD or emphysema^b	3.58	(1.55–8.23)	3.08	(0.97–9.79)	4.20	(1.27–13.95)

Notes: ^aFrom a model with current smoking, former smoking, gender and age; ^bIntroduced as a single variable in a model adjusted for smoking, gender and age; ^cIn the gender-stratified data, the models comprised current smoking, former smoking, age, and the single symptoms/diseases. Bold text indicates statistical significance.

Abbreviations: VGDF, vapor, gas, dust or fumes; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Table 3 Factors Associated with a History of Previously Performed Spirometry or PEF (n=479) in a Full Model Comprising All Co-Variates Presented as Odds Ratios (OR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI)

Factors	All (n=1062)		Males (n=528)		Females (n=534)
	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Current smoking	0.83	(0.57–1.20)	0.94	(0.56–1.59)	0.74	(0.44–1.25)
Former smoking	1.27	(0.96–1.67)	1.35	(0.91–1.99)	1.23	(0.82–1.83)
Gender F vs M	0.67	(0.51–0.86)
Age	1.02	(0.99–1.05)	1.02	(0.98–1.06)	1.02	(0.98–1.07)
Occupational exposure to VGDF	1.72	(1.30–2.27)	1.56	(1.09–2.25)	1.98	(1.27–3.08)
Wheeze	2.29	(1.41–3.70)	1.98	(1.02–3.85)	2.72	(1.36–5.44)
Dyspnea	1.70	(1.11–2.60)	1.52	(0.74–3.13)	1.77	(1.05–2.98)

Note: Bold text indicates statistical significance.

Abbreviation: VGDF, vapor, gas, dust or fumes.

Table 4 Factors Associated with Previously Performed Spirometry or PEF Within the Last 12 Months (n=162). Odds Ratios (OR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) from Single Models Comprising All Co-Variates

Factors	All (n=751)		Males (n=347)		Females (n=404)
	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Current smoking	1.06	(0.64–1.76)	1.33	(0.64–2.75)	0.87	(0.42–1.78)
Former smoking	1.18	(0.78–1.78)	1.41	(0.79–2.52)	0.99	(0.55–1.81)
Gender F vs M	0.77	(0.53–1.13)
Age	1.01	(0.97–1.05)	1.01	(0.96–1.07)	1.01	(0.95–1.07)
Occupational exposure to VGDF	2.17	(1.47–3.20)	1.85	(1.10–3.11)	2.61	(1.46–4.70)
Wheeze	2.54	(1.38–4.69)	2.04	(0.87–4.78)	3.29	(1.37–7.92)
Dyspnea	2.50	(1.47–4.25)	2.68	(1.15–6.26)	2.30	(1.15–4.60)

Note: Bold text indicates statistical significance.

Abbreviation: VGDF, vapor, gas, dust or fumes.