Can Blood Biomarkers Be Used to Assess Oxidative Stress in COPD Patients After Pulmonary Rehabilitation

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic Features

	N/%
GOLD
A	3/14.3
B	4/19
C	0/0
D	14/66.7
MMRC
1	3/14.3
2	9/42.9
3	2/9.5
4	7/33.3
Gender
Female	1/4.8
Male	20/95.2
Hospitalisation
Outpatient	11/52.4
Inpatient	10/47.6
Age (year)
Mean ± SD	63±7.31
Min-max	49–76

Table 2 Pre- and Post-Treatment Findings

	Pre-Treatment	Post-Treatment	p	Difference (J-I)	Cohen d
	M±SD (I)	M±SD (J)
BMI	23.64±4.92	23.58±4.73	0.382	−0.06	2.109
LMM	55.03±8.97	55.66±9.19	0.123	0.63	0.246
6MWD	311.19±127.38	453.33±77.67	<0.001*	142.14	1.347
FEV1	1080±618.38	1289.05±814.15	<0.001*	209.05	0.289
FEV1%	37.00±17.75	43.81±23.19	<0.001*	6.81	0.329
FVC	2075.24±744.07	2338.57±960.82	<0.001*	263.33	0.306
FVC %	55.81±15.85	62.52±21.00	<0.001*	6.71	0.598
FEV1 / FVC	50.80±12.94	64.19±13.39	<0.001*	13.39	4.836
FEF25–75	540.48±454.40	677.14±602.18	0.007*	136.66	0.256
LDH	271.10±139.53	254.05±121.05	0.391	−17.05	0.129
CK	95.24±70.84	90.67±66.66	0.185	−4.57	<0.001
CK-MB	22.89±18.23	24.67±21.58	0.249	1.78	0.088
NT	358.95±106.79	370.14±76.63	0.325	11.19	0.120
TT	403.05±110.71	407.61±80.06	0.426	4.56	0.047
DS	19.66±4.48	18.73±3.42	0.217	−0.93	0.233
DS / NT (index 1)	5.66±1.62	5.18±1.16	0.141	−0.48	0.340
DS / TT (index 2)	5.10±1.26	4.68±0.93	0.121	−0.42	0.379
NT / TT (index 3)	89.87±2.52	90.62±1.88	0.143	0.75	0.337
SPO2
Beginning	95.19±2.02	95.95±1.96	0.040*	0.76	0.381
End of exercise	89.95±3.98	90.62±5.85	0.285	0.67	0.133
Recovery	94.62±2.51	95.29±3.45	0.147	0.67	0.222
PULSE
Beginning	94.05±15.81	89.14±10.69	0.028*	−4.91	0.363
End of exercise	117.14±14.22	112.38±15.67	0.109	−4.76	0.318
Recovery	101.57±16.66	95.81±14.66	0.045	−5.76	0.367
SGRQ
Symptom	72.84±18.31	43.96±15.39	<0.001*	−28.88	1.707
Activity	84.93±22.06	14.26±14.37	<0.001*	−70.67	3.796
Effect	65.33±24.31	10.85±10.95	<0.001*	−54.48	2.889
Total	72.59±20.42	17.53±11.16	<0.001*	−55.06	3.346
HGS
Right	28.43±6.75	27.71±6.60	0.099	−0.72	0.107
Left	26.48±5.71	26.57±6.22	0.434	0.09	0.015
1RM
Upper	7.45±3.59	9.14±4.50	<0.001*	1.69	0.415
Lower	14.57±1.31	19.50±1.70	<0.001*	4.93	3.248

Note: *Statistically significant parameters after treatment.

Abbreviations: BMI, Body mass index; LMM, Lean muscle mass; 6 MWD, Six-minute walking distance; NT, Native thiol; TT, Total thiol; DS, Disulfide; SPO2, oxygen saturation; SGRQ, St. George Respiratory Questionnaire; HGS, Hand grip strength; 1RM, One Repetition maximum.

Table 3 Correlations of Differences in LDH, CK, CK-MB Values with Differences in NT, TT, DS, and Indices in Pre and Post-Treatment

	ΔLDH		ΔCK		ΔCK-MB
	r	p	r	p	r	p
ΔNT	−0.129	0.288	0.080	0.362	−0.561	0.004*
ΔTT	−0.148	0.261	0.136	0.279	−0.522	0.008*
ΔDS	0.097	0.338	0.447	0.021*	−0.121	0.301
ΔDS/NT (Index 1)	0.134	0.281	0.244	0.144	0.058	0.402
ΔDS /TT (Index 2)	0.217	0.172	0.321	0.078	0.069	0.383
ΔNT/TT (Index 3)	−0.199	0.195	−0.361	0.054	−0.062	0.394

Note: *Statistically significant parameters.

Abbreviations: Δ, Differences between parameters in pre and post-treatment; NT, Native thiol; TT, Total thiol; DS, Disulfide; LDH, Lactate dehydrogenase; CK, Creatine Kinase; CK-MB, Creatine Kinase-MB.

Table 4 Estimation of ΔNT, ΔTT, ΔDS by ΔCK Value – Linear Regression Model

	B	p	Lower Limit	Upper Limit	R^2
Constant	−4.982	0.659	−28.277	18.313	0.007
NT	0.037	0.724	−0.369	0.050
Constant	−4.849	0.665	−27.905	18.207	0.018
TT	0.061	0.558	0.152	0.274
Constant	−4.380	0.945	−21.831	20.416	0.200
DS	4.161	0.042*	0.165	8.158

Note: *Statistically significant parameter.

Abbreviations: Δ, Differences between parameters in pre and post-treatment; NT, Native thiol; TT, Total thiol; DS, Disulfide.