The Impact of Patient Preference on Attendance and Completion Rates at Centre-Based and mHealth Pulmonary Rehabilitation: A Non-Inferiority Pragmatic Clinical Trial

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of Participants by Preferred Intervention

Characteristics	Centre	mPR	P value
	(n = 67)	(n = 38)
Gender: Female/Male	41/26	26/12	χ^2 =0.548 (p=0.459)
Age (years), mean (SD; range)	71 (9; 49–88)	64 (11; 34–82)	t=3.16 (p=0.002)
Ethnicity
Māori	13 (19%)	6 (16%)	χ^2 =0.214 (p=0.644)
Pacific peoples	6 (9%)	7 (18%)	χ^2 =2.003 (p=0.157)
European/Other^a	48 (72%)	25 (66%)	χ^2 =0.392 (p=0.531)
Primary condition
COPD	42 (63%)	22 (58%)	χ^2 = 0.234 (p=0.629)
Bronchiectasis	12 (18%)	5 (13%)	χ^2 =0.404 (p=0.525)
Interstitial Lung disease	6 (9%)	3 (8%)	χ^2=0.035 (p=0.852)
Other*	9 (13%)	8 (20%)	χ^2 =1.038 (=0.308)
Smoking status
Current smoker	10 (15%)	6 (16%)	χ^2 =0.656 (p=0.720)
Ex-smoker	42 (63%)	21 (55%)
Never smoked	15 (22%)	11 (29%)
Employment status
Employed	6 (9)	21 (58)	χ^2 28.5 (p = 0.000)
Not working	59 (91)	15 (42)
Highest education level
Trade or below	42 (63%)	15 (40%)	χ^2 =5.747 (p=0.057)
Diploma and above	20 (30%)	20 (52%)
Not stated	4 (6%)	2 (5%)
6-minute walk test (metres), mean (SD)	380 (105)	386 (124)	t=−2.72 (p=0.185)
1-minute sit to stand, (reps) mean (SD)	17.0 (5.6)	18 (6.8)	t=−1.314 (p=0.108)
mMRC (median, IQR)	2.1 (0.9)	2.0 (1.1)	t=0.648 (p=0.606)
CAT total, mean (SD)	18.27 (7.6)	18.8 (7.6)	t=−0.396 (p=0.931)
EQ5D VAS %, mean (SD)	62.35 (22.7)	64.08 (20.7)	t=−2.045 (p=0.043)
SBQ total time (hours/week), mean (SD)	57.1 (27.2)	69.6 (27.6)	t=−2.045 (p=0.881)

Notes: Data are number (%) of participants unless stated otherwise. a = Asian/African/South African. * Other = Asthma (n=6), post-surgery (n=2), alveolar proteinosis (n=1), OSA (n=8).

Abbreviations: CAT, COPD assessment test; EQ5D VAS, EuroQol visual analogue scale; mMRC, modified medical research council; SBQ, sedentary behaviour questionnaire.

Figure 1 Study flow diagram.

Table 2 Multivariate Logistic Regression

Variable	Level	ODDS RATIO	H0: Odds Ratio = 1, p-value
Choice	Centre	1.744 (0.37–8.2)	0.483
Age	Per year increase	1.047 (0.96–1.14)	0.28
Gender	Female	1.17 (0.334–4.08)	0.809
Ethnicity	Non-Māori/non-Pacific	0.572 (0.145–2.27)	0.427
Employment	Working	0.389 (0.77–1.97)	0.255
Education	Trade or lower	0.536 (0.4–6.0)	0.632
	Not stated	1.7 (0.116–26.7)	0.682
Exercise tolerance (6MWT)	Metre	1.0 (0.995–1.0)	0.369
mMRC		1.0 (0.545–2.0)	0.896

Abbreviations: 6MWT, six-minute walk test; mMRC, modified medical research council.

Figure 2 Box and whisker plot of attendance rates at PR.

Table 3 Outcome Measures Taken at Baseline and Follow-Up Assessments, Mean (Standard Deviation)

Outcome	Baseline		Follow Up		Within Group Difference		Baseline Adjusted Between Group Mean Difference (MD), 95% CI	H0: MD ≥ 0.5 Cohen’s d t-value[df], p-value
	Centre	mPR	Centre	mPR	Centre	mPR
CAT	18.2 (7)	18.9 (8)	15.0 (8)	15.1 (7)	2.5 (6.6)	3.2 (6.8)	0.71 [−1.98, 3.4]	H0: MD ≤ −3.6 t[90]=−3.183, 0.001
mMRC	2.1 (0.9)	2.0 (1.1)	1.8 (0.9)	2.2 (0.9)	0.30 (1.1)	−0.28 (1.1)	−0.473 [−0.84, −0.107]	H0: MD ≤ −0.52 t[89]= 0.254, <0.399
SBQ	57.6 (27)	69.6 (27)	54.9 (25)	59.8 (19)	1.7 (25)	6.8 (23)	−0.321 [−9.1, 8.45]	H0: MD ≤ −13.9 t[91]= −3.074, <0.0014
EQ-VAS	63 (23)	65 (21)	70 (19)	64 (21)	7.25 (25)	−1.9 (22)	7.35 [−0.952, 15.6]	H0: MD ≥ 11.1 t[91]= −0.899, 0.1855

Abbreviations: CAT, COPD assessment test; EQ-VAS, EQ5D visual analogue scale; mMRC, modified medical research council scale; SBQ, sedentary behaviour questionnaire; Ho, null hypothesis; MD, mean difference.