Pulmonary Function Test and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome in Obese Adults: A Retrospective Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Patients’ Baseline Characteristic

	No OSA	Mild-to-Moderate OSA	Severe OSA	P value
Age	28 (23, 34)	31 (25, 35.5)	31.5 (27, 37.5)	0.239
Sex				<0.0001
Male	4(17.4%)	25 (20.8%)	43 (67.2%)	<0.0001
Female	19 (82.6%)	95 (79.2%)	19 (32.8%)	<0.0001
BMI	39.3 (34.4, 43.9)	41.3 (37, 45.7)	48.4 (42.4, 55)	<0.0001
ODI	5 (2.8, 6.6)	18.2 (11.1, 26.3)	70.2 (50.6, 100.4)	<0.0001
Lowest desaturation	89 (83, 91)	83 (78, 86.5)	64 (55, 76)	<0.0001
Apneas index	3 (1.8, 4.2)	12 (8.4, 17.3)	57 (40.4, 78.1)	<0.0001
No^#of desaturation	17 (10, 37)	69 (37, 113)	304 (173, 473)	<0.0001

Note: No^#, number.

Table 2 Patients’ Pulmonary Ventilation Function Data

	No OSA	Mild-to-Moderate OSA	Severe OSA	P value
VC%	97.5 (91.2, 105.6)	101.8 (92.8, 109.4)	88.6 (80.4, 97)	<0.0001
FVC%	97.4 (92.2, 106.9)	103 (93.8, 110)	91.2 (83.5, 100.4)	<0.0001
FEV1%	95.5 (85.4, 101.2)	98.2 (89.7, 105)	88 (76.6, 97)	<0.0001
FEV1/FVC	80.6 (79.1, 86.5)	83.1 (79.3, 85.1)	80.8 (77.1, 84.3)	0.024
MEF75%	104.7 (87.3, 112.9)	106.5 (92.1, 116.8)	97 (80.3, 110.6)	0.003
MEF50%	83.4 (64.9, 106)	87.3 (73.5, 104.2)	80.9 (62.8, 91.8)	0.012
MEF25%	57.4 (43.5, 81.1)	66.7 (52.3, 78.3)	55.6 (41.2, 75.3)	0.006
PEF%	102.4 (96.1, 108)	104.8 (92.3, 114.3)	100.6 (87.8, 108.8)	0.047
MMEF75/25%	75.4 (59.5, 96)	79.3 (66.3, 94.5)	72.7 (62.8, 83)	0.004
MVV%	100.6 (92.3, 108.1)	99.5 (92.2, 111.7)	96.8 (84.6, 107.9)	0.075

Table 3 Patient’s Pulmonary Diffusion Function Data

	No OSA	Mild-to-Moderate OSA	Severe OSA	P value
TLC%	97.1 (91.3, 105.4)	100.1 (94.3, 107.6)	93 (83.2, 99.3)	<0.0001
RV%	102.3 (93.9, 118.5)	100.4 (90.7, 116.3)	104.5 (92, 117.4)	0.560
RV/TLC	29.3 (26, 36.4)	29.1 (26.1, 31.7)	29.8 (25.9, 36.3)	0.174
DLCO%	81 (75.3, 93.4)	89.9 (81.3, 101.6)	88.7 (82, 98.3)	0.488
DLCO/VA%	89.6 (80.2, 100.5)	95.8 (83.4, 110.1)	104.6 (92.8, 114.7)	0.002
FRC-SB%	86.3 (75.1, 109.9)	88.8 (78.3, 102.3)	87.3 (78.5, 99.1)	0.496
FRC%TLC-SB	46.9 (43.2, 56.5)	46.8 (42.4, 52.3)	48.4 (40.7, 52.3)	0.958

Table 4 Patients’ IOS Data

	No OSA	Mild-to-Moderate OSA	Severe OSA	P value
Z5%	154.8 (109.1, 186.1)	146.2 (122.9, 167.1)	163 (134.1, 219.5)	0.003
R at 5 Hz%	148.7 (104.4, 178.6)	142.1 (119.6, 160.6)	157.4 (131.5, 211.3)	0.001
R at 10 Hz%	126.1 (104.6, 151.9)	126.6 (108, 144.3)	146.7 (119.6, 177.1)	<0.0001
R at 15 Hz%	123.4 (95.1, 138.6)	117.4 (100.6, 132.2)	134.5 (116.2, 155)	<0.0001
R at 20 Hz%	120.8 (99.6, 134.6)	118 (104, 135.6)	141.1 (120.9, 162.6)	<0.0001
R at 25 Hz%	133.1 (117.4, 146.8)	132.5 (115.5, 150.1)	152 (132.7, 177.8)	<0.0001
R at 35 Hz%	185.9 (158.7, 222.3)	185.6 (163.1, 206.9)	204.8 (175.4, 234.4)	0.003
Delta R5-R20	28 (22.4, 36.6)	29.7 (22.6, 36.3)	25.3 (19.7, 33.3)	0.054

Table 5 Univariable Logistic Regression Model for Risk Factors of Severe OSA

	OR (95% CI)	P value
Sex	7.781 (3.93, 15.403)	<0.0001
Age	1.037 (0.998, 1.079)	0.066
BMI	1.118 (1.07, 1.168)	<0.0001
ERV%	0.99 (0.98, 1)	0.048
VT%	0.985 (0.976, 0.995)	0.004
MV%	0.989 (0.979, 0.999)	0.034
IRV	1.422 (0.913, 2.217)	0.120
IC%	0.97 (0.954, 0.986)	<0.0001
VC%	0.931 (0.904, 0.958)	<0.0001
FVC%	0.937 (0.911, 0.964)	<0.0001
FEV1%	0.936 (0.91, 0.962)	<0.0001
FEV1/VC	0.921 (0.869, 0.977)	0.006
FEV1/VC%	0.963 (0.917, 1.011)	0.131
MEF75%	0.977 (0.962, 0.992)	0.003
MEF50%	0.984 (0.971, 0.997)	0.014
MEF25%	0.979 (0.964, 0.994)	0.005
PEF%	0.982 (0.963, 1)	0.053
MMEF75/25%	0.977 (0.962, 0.992)	0.003
MVV%	0.977 (0.958, 0.997)	0.025
RV%	1.005 (0.989, 1.023)	0.528
RV/TLC	1.062 (1.008, 1.119)	0.023
TLC%	0.939 (0.912, 0.968)	<0.0001
DLCO%	0.993 (0.971, 1.015)	0.527
DLCO/VA%	1.033 (1.013, 1.054)	0.001
FRC-SB%	0.989 (0.972, 1.007)	0.224
FRC%TLC-SB	0.993 (0.957, 1.03)	0.692
FRC%TLC-SB%	0.989 (0.971, 1.007)	0.237
Z5%	1.014 (1.007, 1.021)	<0.0001
R at 5 Hz%	1.015 (1.007, 1.022)	<0.0001
R at 10 Hz%	1.02 (1.01, 1.03)	<0.0001
R at 15 Hz%	1.024 (1.012, 1.035)	<0.0001
R at 20 Hz%	1.026 (1.015, 1.038)	<0.0001
R at 25 Hz%	1.023 (1.012, 1.035)	<0.0001
R at 35 Hz%	1.013 (1.005, 1.02)	0.001
Delta R5-R20	0.976 (0.946, 1.006)	0.116

Table 6 Muiltvariable Logistic Regression Model for Risk Factors of Severe OSA

	OR (95% CI)	P value
Age	1.104 (1.022, 1.192)	0.012
BMI	1.12 (1.057, 1.187)	0.000
Sex	4.129 (1.625, 10.49)	0.003
DLCO%	0.981 (0.951, 1.013)	0.239
FEV1/FVC	0.999 (0.913, 1.093)	0.984
FEV1%	0.982 (0.937, 1.029)	0.444
R at 25 Hz%	1.018 (1.005, 1.031)	0.007
RV/TLC	1.019 (0.914, 1.136)	0.736

Table 7 Subgroup Analysis Based on Sex

	Male		Female
	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value
Age	1.083 (0.966, 1.214)	0.170	1.162 (1.037, 1.301)	0.010
BMI	1.089 (1.012, 1.171)	0.022	1.178 (1.079, 1.287)	0.000
DLCO%	0.998 (0.956, 1.042)	0.927	0.969 (0.92, 1.02)	0.229
FEV1/FVC	1.006 (0.879, 1.153)	0.927	0.995 (0.865, 1.143)	0.940
FEV1%	0.951 (0.88, 1.028)	0.204	0.992 (0.931, 1.058)	0.814
R at 25 Hz%	1.018 (1.002, 1.034)	0.032	1.013 (0.991, 1.035)	0.253
RV/TLC	0.975 (0.841, 1.131)	0.740	1.005 (0.856, 1.18)	0.948

Table 8 Subgroup Analysis Based on Age

	Age ≤35		Age >35
BMI	1.103 (1.036, 1.174)	0.002	1.173 (1.008, 1.365)	0.039
Sex	5.302 (1.723, 16.319)	0.004	5.305 (0.701, 40.128)	0.106
DLCO%	0.984 (0.95, 1.018)	0.346	0.962 (0.898, 1.032)	0.282
FEV1/FVC	0.992 (0.896, 1.097)	0.869	0.986 (0.804, 1.208)	0.889
FEV1%	0.992 (0.941, 1.044)	0.749	1.012 (0.926, 1.106)	0.794
R at 25 Hz%	1.014 (1, 1.028)	0.042	1.016 (0.984, 1.048)	0.340
RV/TLC	1.02 (0.913, 1.14)	0.724	1.272 (1.025, 1.577)	0.029

Table 9 Subgroup Analysis Based on BMI

	BMI ≤35		BMI >35
Age	1.117 (1.003, 1.245)	0.044	1.115 (0.991, 1.255)	0.069
Sex	4.273 (1.244, 14.68)	0.021	5.487 (1.341, 22.454)	0.018
DLCO%	1.009 (0.967, 1.053)	0.687	0.969 (0.928, 1.011)	0.149
FEV1/FVC	0.998 (0.88, 1.132)	0.974	0.963 (0.841, 1.101)	0.579
FEV1%	0.993 (0.934, 1.056)	0.824	0.962 (0.897, 1.03)	0.264
R at 25 Hz%	1.021 (1.005, 1.037)	0.011	1.014 (0.992, 1.036)	0.209
RV/TLC	0.975 (0.827, 1.151)	0.768	1.006 (0.873, 1.159)	0.933

Figure 1 Association of R25 with the risk of severe OSA among OSAHS adult patients with obesity.