The Impact of the GOLD 2023 on Clinical Treatment in Northeast China

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of Included Subjects

Variables	Total
No. of subjects	617
Age, mean ± standard deviation (SD)	63.7±10.4
Gender, male, %	358(58.0)
Smoking status, %
Non-smoker	152(24.6)
Passive smoking	104(16.9)
Active smoking	361(58.5)
Post-bronchodilator FVC, liter, mean ± SD	2.3±0.8
Post- bronchodilator FVC, % predicted normal, mean ± SD	71.5±20.2
Post-bronchodilator FEV1, liter, mean ± SD	1.3±0.6
Post- bronchodilator FEV1, % predicted normal, mean ± SD	51.3±18.6
Post- bronchodilator FEV1/FVC, %, mean ± SD	57.1±11.5
Family history of respiratory disease, %	208(33.7)
History of respiratory disease, %	466(75.5)
Exposure to air pollution, %	63(10.2)
Exposure to dust from production and living, %	315(51.0)
CAT score in baseline, mean ± SD	18.1±8.9
MMRC score in baseline, mean ± SD	2.0±1.2
CAT score in follow-up, mean ± SD	11.3±8.3***
mMRC score in follow-up, mean ± SD	1.4±1.1***
GOLD 2017, %
A	105(17.0)
B	300(48.6)
C	18(2.9)
D	194(31.5)
GOLD 2023, %
A	105(17.0)
B	300(48.6)
E	212(34.4)

Notes: ***Compared with baseline CAT or MMRC scores, P<0.001.

Abbreviations: GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; CAT, COPD assessment test; mMRC, modified British Medical Research Council; SD, standard deviation; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1s.

Figure 1 Distribution of maintenance therapy adherence using GOLD 2017 and GOLD 2023 criteria. (A) Detailed distribution of adherence. (B) Distribution of preferred and second-line choices.

Notes: *Compared with the adoption of the preferred-line maintenance therapy of GOLD 2017, the rate of the preferred-line maintenance therapy of GOLD 2023 was lower, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05).

Abbreviation: GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease.