RETRO-POPE: A Retrospective, Multicenter, Real-World Study of All-Cause Mortality in COPD

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline Demographics by Patient Clinical Phenotype

	Total (N=801)	ACOS (n=65)	NON-AE (n=509)	AE NON-CB (n=79)	AE CB (n=148)	P-value
Age (inclusion), mean (SD)*	67.4 (8.6)	65.9 (10.5)	67.7 (8.4)	66.9 (9.0)	66.9 (8.4)	0.326
Age (diagnosis), mean (SD)*	58.8 (9.3)	54.6 (9.4)	59.6 (9.4)	58.1 (9.0)	58.1 (8.6)	<0.001
Gender, %^†						0.486
Male	65.9	60.0	67.2	60.8	66.9
Female	34.1	40.0	32.8	39.2	33.1
Smoking status, %^†						0.102
Never	8.0	15.4	7.9	7.6	5.4
Passive	0.9	0.0	0.8	3.8	0.0
Ex-smoker	64.0	64.6	62.7	63.3	68.9
Current smoker	27.1	20.0	28.7	25.3	25.7
Other than tobacco smoking risk factors, %^†
Workplace environment	44.8	49.2	46.2	36.7	42.6	0.352
Frequent exposure to outdoor pollution such as organic dusts	12.4	16.9	14.1	3.8	8.8	0.013
Exposure to indoor pollution	9.5	7.7	11.0	5.1	7.4	0.293
Cooking fire without ventilation	11.5	4.6	14.5	7.6	6.1	0.004
Other	0.9	0.0	1.0	2.5	0.0	0.260
BMI, mean (SD)*	27.5 (5.7)	27.6 (5.2)	28.1 (5.9)	26.5 (4.9)	26.3 (5.3)	0.005
Country, n (%)^†						<0.001
Czech Republic	443	45 (10.2)	323 (72.9)	24 (5.4)	51 (11.5)
Serbia	358	20 (5.6)	186 (52.0)	55 (15.4)	97 (27.1)
History of atopy and/or allergy, %^†	17.1	78.5	11.8	11.4	11.5	–
CCI, mean (SD)*	1.9 (1.2)	1.9 (1.1)	1.9 (1.2)	1.7 (1.3)	1.8 (1.2)	0.164

Notes: *Kruskal–Wallis test. ^†Fisher’s exact test.

Abbreviations: ACOS, asthma–COPD overlap syndrome; AE CB, frequent exacerbators with chronic bronchitis; AE NON-CB, frequent exacerbators without chronic bronchitis; BMI, body mass index; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; NON-AE, non-exacerbators; SD, standard deviation.

Table 2 Baseline Demographics by Burgel Cluster

	Total (N=801)	Cluster 1 (n=215)	Cluster 2 (n=302)	Cluster 3 (n=208)	Cluster 4 (n=21)	Cluster 5 (n=55)	P-value
Age (inclusion), mean (SD)*	67.4 (8.6)	71.1 (8.2)	63.3 (7.1)	70.9 (7.9)	63.7 (6.4)	63.2 (8.9)	0.326
Age (diagnosis), mean (SD)*	58.8 (9.3)	60.6 (9.8)	56.1 (7.8)	61.8 (9.6)	54.5 (7.4)	56.4 (9.7)	<0.001
Gender, %^†							0.486
Male	65.9	61.9	67.2	68.8	76.2	60.0
Female	34.1	38.1	32.8	31.3	23.8	40.0
Smoking status, %^†							0.102
Never	8.0	8.8	4.3	13.0	0.0	9.1
Passive	0.9	0.9	0.0	1.9	0.0	1.8
Ex-smoker	64.0	69.3	62.6	64.9	61.9	49.1
Current smoker	27.1	20.9	33.1	20.2	38.1	40.0
Other than tobacco smoking risk factors, %^†
Workplace environment	44.8	46.5	45.4	45.2	42.9	34.5	0.352
Frequent exposure to outdoor pollution such as organic dusts	12.4	14.0	12.3	12.0	14.3	7.3	0.013
Exposure to indoor pollution	9.5	8.8	8.9	11.5	9.5	7.3	0.293
Cooking fire without ventilation	11.5	13.0	9.6	13.0	9.5	10.9	0.004
Other	0.9	0.0	1.0	1.9	0.0	0.0	0.260
BMI, mean (SD)*	27.5 (5.7)	27.9 (6.0)	25.3 (4.3)	30.8 (5.6)	24.3 (6.6)	27.2 (4.7)	0.005
Country, n (%)^†							<0.001
Czech Republic	443	127 (28.7)	142 (32.1)	132 (29.8)	12 (2.7)	30 (6.8)
Serbia	358	88 (24.6)	160 (44.7)	76 (21.2)	9 (2.5)	25 (7.0)
History of atopy and/or allergy, %^†	17.1	18.1	15.2	17.3	23.8	20.0	–
CCI, mean (SD)*	1.9 (1.2)	2.3 (1.4)	1.6 (1.0)	2.1 (1.3)	1.1 (0.4)	1.3 (0.9)	0.164

Notes: *Kruskal–Wallis test. ^†Fisher’s exact test. Cluster 1, very severe comorbid; cluster 2, moderate-to-severe respiratory; cluster 3, moderate-to-severe comorbid/obese; cluster 4, very severe respiratory; cluster 5, mild respiratory.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; SD, standard deviation.

Figure 1 Overall cohort survival by (a) clinical phenotype and (b) Burgel clusters.

Notes: Cluster 1, very severe comorbid; cluster 2, moderate-to-severe respiratory; cluster 3, moderate-to-severe comorbid/obese; cluster 4, very severe respiratory; cluster 5, mild respiratory (Supplementary Figure 1).

Abbreviations: ACOS, asthma–COPD overlap syndrome; AE CB, frequent exacerbators with chronic bronchitis; AE NON-CB, frequent exacerbators without chronic bronchitis; NON-AE, non-exacerbators.

Figure 2 Survival by country.

Figure 3 Cause of death by (a) clinical phenotype and (b) Burgel cluster. P-values identified through Fisher’s exact test. P-values which are lower than the statistical significance of 0.05 have been bolded.

Notes: Cluster 1, very severe comorbid; cluster 2, moderate-to-severe respiratory; cluster 3, moderate-to-severe comorbid/obese; cluster 4, very severe respiratory; cluster 5, mild respiratory.

Abbreviations: ACOS, asthma–COPD overlap syndrome; AE CB, frequent exacerbators with chronic bronchitis; AE NON-CB, frequent exacerbators without chronic bronchitis; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; NON-AE, non-exacerbators.