Can the ADO Index Be Used as a Predictor of Mortality from COVID-19 in Patients with COPD?

Figures & data

Figure 1 The study flowchart.

Table 1 The Comparison of Group 1 and Group 2 in Terms of Demographic and Clinical Characteristics

Variables	Group 1 n=105	Group 2 n=584	p value
Male/Female,n (%)	92(87.6)/13(12.4)	505(86.5)/79(13.5)	0.87
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Age (years)	64.9 ± 10.2	66.4±8.8	0.11
BMI	26.5 ± 5.2	25.6±4.7	0.08
	Median (IQR)	Median (IQR)
Smoking (package-year)	40 (22.5)	40 (25)	0.30
Biomass exposure (year)	40 (40)	35 (37)	0.42
COPD duration (year)	5.0 (7)	5.0 (5)	0.27
FEV1% predicted	49 (40.5)	51 (30.1)	0.18
FVC % predicted	64 (42,8)	70 (24,0)	0.03
FEV1/FVC	59.0 (16,8)	58.0 (17,3)	0.86
CAT score	14 (20,3)	14 (13,3)	0.21
mMRC score	2 (2)	2 (1)	0.12
The number of exacerbations in previous year	1.0 (3)	1.0 (2)	0.13
BEC (10^3/uL)	0.14 (0,23)	0.18 (0,19)	0.21
Percentage of BEC	2,1 (2,4)	2.1 (2,5)	0.52
ADO index	4.0 (3,8)	4.0 (2)	0.56

Note: Patients with PCR + COVID-19 (group 1); patients did not have COVID-19 (group 2).

Abbreviations: SD, Standard deviation; IQR, Interquartile range; BMI, Body mass index; COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV₁, Forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, Forced vital capacity; CAT, COPD assessment test; mMRC, modified medical research council; BEC, blood eosinophil count; ADO index, age, dyspnoea, airflow obstruction.

Table 2 The Comparison of COVID-19 Survivors and Nonsurvivors in Terms of Demographic and Clinical Characteristics

Variables	Survivors n=86	Nonsurvivors n= 19	p value
Male/Female n, (%)	76(88.4)/10(11.6)	16(84.2) / 3(15.8)	0.700
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Age (years)	66.9 ± 9.1	63.6±11	0.137
BMI (kg/m2)	26.4±4.8	26.8±6.4	0.010
FEV1% predicted	51.9±20.1	34.8±18	<0.001
FVC % predicted	66 ±29	59 ± 28	0.122
FEV1/FVC	54.7±9.1	49.3±10.9	0.046
ADO index	4.4±2.1	5.6±1.8	0.010
	Median (IQR)	Median (IQR)
Smoking (package-year)	40 (22.5)	45 (27,5)	0.629
Biomass exposure (year)	36.7±19.3	50.2±21.7	0.126
COPD duration (year)	5 (7)	5 (10)	0.536
FEV1 (liter)	1.4 (1)	1.1 (0.9)	0.014
FVC (liter)	2.4 (1.2)	2.1 (1)	0.032
CAT score	14 (14)	18 (16)	0.201
mMRC score	2 (2)	2 (1.3)	0.199
The number of exacerbations in previous year	1 (2)	1 (5)	0.668
BEC (10^3/uL)	0.15 (0.22)	0.08 (0.05)	0.003
Percentage of BEC (%)	2.1 (2.5)	1.2 (2)	0.018

Abbreviations: SD, Standard deviation; IQR, Interquartile range; BMI, Body mass index; COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV₁, Forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, Forced vital capacity; CAT, COPD assessment test; mMRC, modified medical research council; BEC, blood eosinophil count; ADO index, age, dyspnoea, airflow obstruction.

Table 3 Multivariable Regression Model for Mortality in COPD Patients with COVID-19

	B	p	OR	95% CI
				Lower - Upper
FEV1 (%)	−0.032	0.191	0.969	0.923–1.016
FEV1 / FVC	0.006	0.882	1.006	0.931–1.086
CAT score	−0.001	0.975	0.999	0.912–1.093
mMRC score	−0.981	0.117	0.375	0.110–1.280
ADO index	0.755	0.025	2.127	1.097–4.123
BEC	−0.007	0.021	0.993	0.986–0.999
Smoking pack/yr	−0.002	0.910	0.998	0.970–1.027

Abbreviations: FEV₁, Forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, Forced vital capacity; CAT, COPD assessment test; mMRC, modified medical research council; ADO index, age, dyspnoea, airflow obstruction; OR, Odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% Confidence interval; BEC, blood eosinophil count; pack/yr, package-year.

Figure 2 Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve for the ability of ADO index to predict mortality.