Prevalence of airflow limitation in outpatients with cardiovascular diseases in Japan

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline demographics of the per protocol population

	n=995
Mean age (SD); years	66.6 (9.96)
Male; n (%)	950 (95.5)
Current smoker; n (%)	273 (27.4)
Ex-smoker; n (%)	722 (72.6)
Smoking pack-years; mean (SD)	43.1 (26.08)
BMI; mean (SD)	24.64 (3.48)
Diagnosed COPD; n (%)	48 (4.8)
Chronic sputum; n (%)	203 (20.4)
FEV1; mean (SD)	2.29 (0.70)
FEV6; mean (SD)	2.97 (0.79)
CAT score; mean (SD)	6.9 (5.8)
Myocardial infarction; n (%)	158 (15.9)
Hypertension; n (%)	736 (74.0)
Chronic heart failure; n (%)	113 (11.4)
Angina; n (%)	192 (19.3)
Arrhythmia; n (%)	200 (20.1)
Stroke; n (%)	48 (4.8)
Arteriosclerosis; n (%)	24 (2.4)
Other CVD; n (%)	187 (18.8)
1 CVD; n (%)	576 (57.9)
2 CVD; n (%)	253 (25.4)
3 CVD; n (%)	108 (10.9)
4 CVD or more; n (%)	58 (5.8)

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SD, standard deviation; CAT, COPD assessment test; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FEV₆, forced expiratory volume in 6 seconds.

Table 2 The number of patients with airflow limitation and a previous diagnosis of COPD

	Total subjects in per protocol population (n=995)
	Airflow limitation (prevalence of COPD) n=269	Previous diagnosis of COPD n=33
Total	27.0%	12.3%
Split by age range
40–49 years	5.1%	0%
50–59 years	16.6%	3.8%
60–69 years	21.4%	12.5%
>70 years	39.4%	13.8%
Lung function tests performed*
Often	23.4%	14.0%
Less often	25.3%	15.2%
Seldom	28.6%	11.1%

Note:

* Split at the discretion of the consulting cardiologist.

Abbreviation: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Figure 1 GOLD grading of patients with and without airway limitation.

Abbreviations: AL, airway limitation; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; GOLD, Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease.

Table 3 Characteristics of patients with and without airflow limitation (prevalence of COPD)

	Airflow limitation (n=269)	No airflow limitation (n=726)	Airway limitation versus no airway limitation*
Age, mean (SD)	71.0 (8.8)	65.0 (9.8)	P<0.001
Males, n (%)	258 (96%)	692 (95%)	P=0.689
Current smoker; n (%)	76 (28.3%)	197 (27.1%)	P=0.726
Ex-smoker; n (%)	193 (71.7%)	529 (72.9%)
Pack-years; mean (SD)	48.6 (26.2)	41.1 (25.8)	P<0.001
BMI; mean (SD)	23.3 (3.1)	25.1 (3.4)	P<0.001
Diagnosis of COPD; n (%)	33 (12.3%)	15 (2%)	P<0.001
Positive chronic bronchitis criteria n (%)	68 (25.3%)	135 (18.6%)	P=0.020
FEV1; mean (SD)	1.776 (0.64)	2.483 (0.62)	P<0.001
FEV6; mean (SD)	2.789 (0.81)	3.034 (0.77)	P<0.001
CAT score; mean (SD)	8.3 (6.5)	6.4 (5.4)	P<0.001
CV history
Myocardial infarction	41 (15.2%)	117 (16.1%)
Hypertension	207 (77.0%)	529 (72.9%)
Chronic heart failure	34 (12.6%)	79 (10.9%)
Angina	46 (17.1%)	146 (20.1%)
Arrhythmia	59 (21.9%)	141 (19.4%)
Stroke	18 (6.7%)	30 (4.1%)
Arteriosclerosis	9 (3.3%)	15 (2.1%)
Other CVD	48 (17.8%)	139 (19.1%)
Hypertension only	110 (40.9%)	293 (40.4%)

Note:

* Chi-squared test.

Abbreviations: CV, cardiovascular; CVD, cardiovascular disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SD, standard deviation; CAT, COPD assessment test; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FEV₆, forced expiratory volume in 6 seconds.

Table 4 The number of patients with airflow limitation by CV history

CV history	n	Airflow limitation n (%)
Myocardial infarction	158	41 (25.9%)
Hypertension	736	207 (28.1%)
Chronic heart failure	113	34 (30.1%)
Angina	192	46 (24.0%)
Arrhythmia	200	59 (29.5%)
Stroke	48	18 (37.5%)
Arteriosclerosis	24	9 (37.5%)
Other CVD	187	48 (25.7%)
Hypertension only	403	110 (27.3%)

Abbreviations: CV, cardiovascular; CVD, cardiovascular disease.