Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adult male cigarettes smokers: a community-based study in Jordan

Figures & data

Table 1 The demographic, anthropometric, and clinical characteristics of adult cigarette smokers included in the study (n=512)

Variable	Frequency	%
Age, years
35–44	213	41.6
45–54	172	33.6
≥55	127	24.8
Occupation, risky for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Yes	65	12.7
No	447	87.3
Body mass index
Normal (18.5–24.9 kg/m^2)	165	32.2
Overweight (25–29.9 kg/m^2)	231	45.1
Obesity (≥30 kg/m^2)	116	22.7
Pack-years
≤20	120	23.4
>20	392	76.6
Smoking during childhood	233	45.5
Passive smoking	421	82.2
Family history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	38	7.4
Dyspnea	335	65.4
Wheezes	226	44.1
Cough for 3 months in 2 consecutive years	77	15

Table 2 The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adult Jordanian smokers, according to demographic, anthropometric, and other relevant characteristics

Variable	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease				P-value
	No		Yes
	n	%	n	%
Total	470	91.8	42	8.2
Age, years					0.733
35–44	195	91.5	18	8.5
45–54	160	93.0	12	7.0
≥55	115	90.6	12	9.4
Education					0.108
Illiterate	16	80.0	4	20.0
≤High school	295	91.9	26	8.1
>High school	159	93.5	11	6.5
Occupation					0.755
Risky job	59	90.8	6	9.2
Not risky	409	91.9	36	8.1
Body mass index					0.869
Normal (18.5–24.9 kg/m^2)	153	92.7	12	7.3
Overweight (25–29.9 kg/m^2)	211	91.3	20	8.7
Obesity (≥30 kg/m^2)	106	91.4	10	8.6
Pack-years					0.010
≤50	345	93.8	23	6.3
>50	125	86.8	19	13.2

Table 3 Characteristics of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, according to disease severity

Variable	Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease stage
	Stage I (n=8)	Stage II (n=24)	Stage III/IV (n=10)
Age, mean (years)	48.4	48.5	56.7
Pack-years, mean	60.8	51.7	56.7
Chronic bronchitis, n (%)	3 (37.5)	11 (45.8)	4 (40)
Wheezes, n (%)	3 (37.5)	18 (75)	7 (70)
Dyspnea, n (%)	3 (37.5)	23 (95.8)	8 (80)