Predicting energy requirement with pedometer-determined physical-activity level in women with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Figures & data

Table 1 General characteristics of women with COPD

	N	Mean ± SD	Min–Max
Age, years	19	69.2±6.0	59.7–80.0
Weight, kg	19	63.5±10.7	46.8–88.0
BMI, kg/m^2	19	24.5±3.5	18.5–30.0
FFMI, kg/m^2	19	12.6±1.3	10.3–16.0
Number of pack years	19	27.7±9.0	14–42
Arterial pCO2, kPa	16	5.2±0.6	4.3–6.7
Arterial pO2, kPa	16	10.2±2.9	4.4–18.4
Arterial O2 saturation	16	92.9±9.2	59.5–98.8
FEV1/FVC, liters	16	0.43±0.12	0.24–0.65
FEV1, liters	16	1.14±0.32	0.72–1.7
FEV1, % predicted value	16	56.0±15.0	30–78

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; FEV, forced expiratory volume; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FFMI, fat-free mass index; FVC, forced vital capacity; Min–Max, minimum–maximum; pCO₂, carbon dioxide tension; pO₂, oxygen tension; SD, standard deviation.

Table 2 Energy expenditure and physical activity level assessed by different methods in women with COPD (N=18)

	Mean ± SD	Min–Max
RMR,* kJ·d^−1
Indirect calorimetry	4,832±548	4,207–6,248
Harris–Benedict	5,210±480	4,455–6,425
Schofield	5,189±407	4,533–6,099
WHO	5,302±470	4,545–6,353
Moore	5,934±632	4,916–7,346
NNR	5,131±504	4,362–6,482
Gothenburg	4,370±349	3,854–5,459
Physical activity level
TEEDLW/RMRIC	1.69±0.147	1.5–2.1
Pedometer-determined	1.46±0.134	1.4–1.8
TEE, kJ·d^−1
Doubly labeled water	8,114±907	6,311–10,258
Harris–Benedict	7,607±1,222	6,237–11,566
Schofield	7,571±1,097	6,347–10,978
WHO	7,738±1,189	6,362–11,436
Moore	8,664±1,469	6,882–13,223
NNR	7,494±1,265	6,106–11,667
Nordenson	6,387±1,047	5,395–9,827

Note:

* Data represent the average of the last 25 minutes of measurement.

Abbreviations: Min–Max, minimum–maximum; NNR, Nordic Nutrition Recommendations; RMR, resting metabolic rate; RMR_IC, RMR measured by indirect caloimetry; SD, standard deviation; TEE, total daily energy expenditure; TEE_DLW, energy expenditure measured by doubly labeled water; WHO, World Health Organization.

Table 3 Energy expenditure and physical activity level estimates from the criterion and test methods using different statistical analysis in women with COPD (N=19)

	Difference of the means ± SD (criterion–predicted)		Pearson’s correlation		Intraclass correlations coefficient
	kJ·d^−1	P-value	r	P-value	r	95% CI
RMR,* kJ·d^−1
Criterion (IC)
Harris–Benedict	−379±504	0.005	0.53	0.025	0.59	−0.05 to 0.85
Schofield	−358±510	0.009	0.46	0.054	0.52	−0.13 to 0.81
WHO	−471±533	0.002	0.46	0.054	0.49	−0.19 to 0.80
Moore	−1,102±617	<0.0001	0.46	0.054	0.29	−0.20 to 0.68
NNR	−299±511	0.024	0.53	0.023	0.64	0.08 to 0.86
Nordenson	462±483	0.001	0.49	0.038	0.46	−0.22 to 0.79
Physical activity level
Criterion (TEEDLW/RMRIC)
Pedometer-determined (PALped)	0.23±0.145	<0.001	0.47	0.046	0.34	−0.23 to 0.72
TEE, kJ·d^−1
Criterion (DLW)
Harris–Benedict × PALped	507±973	0.04	0.62	0.006	0.70	0.23 to 0.89
Schofield × PALped	543±876	0.018	0.63	0.005	0.71	0.21 to 0.89
WHO × PALped	376±933	0.106	0.63	0.005	0.74	0.33 to 0.90
Moore × PALped	−550±1,137	0.056	0.63	0.005	0.69	0.21 to 0.88
NNR × PALped	620±975	0.015	0.64	0.004	0.70	0.17 to 0.89
Nordenson × PALped	1,727±864	<0.0001	0.62	0.006	0.40	−0.19 to 0.77

Note:

* Data represent the average of the last 25 minutes of measurement.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; DLW, doubly labeled water; IC, indirect calorimetry; NNR, Nordic Nutrition Recommendations; PAL_ped, pedometer-determined physical activity level; RMR, resting metabolic rate; RMR_IC, RMR measured by indirect calorimetry; SD, standard deviation; TEE, total daily energy expenditure; TEE_DLW, energy expenditure measured by DLW; WHO, World Health Organization.

Figure 1 Bland–Altman plots.

Notes: Bland–Altman plots showing the differences in the mean TEE between the DLW method and predicted energy requirement by (A) the H–B RMR equation multiplied by pedometer-determined PAL, (B) the SCHOF RMR equation multiplied by pedometer-determined PAL, (C) the WHO RMR equation multiplied by pedometer-determined PAL, (D) the MOORE RMR equation multiplied by pedometer-determined PAL, (E) the NNR RMR equation multiplied by pedometer-determined PAL, and (F) the NORD RMR equation multiplied by pedometer-determined PAL in 18 women with COPD.
Abbreviations: DLW, doubly labeled water; H–B, Harris–Benedict; NNR, Nordic Nutrition Recommendations; NORD, Nordenson; PAL, physical activity level; RMR, resting metabolic rate; SCHOF, Schofield; SD, standard deviation; TEE, total daily energy expenditure; WHO, World Health Organization.