Lower 30-day readmission rates with roflumilast treatment among patients hospitalized for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Figures & data

Table 1 Patient characteristics between roflumilast-treated group and comparison group

	Before matching			After matching
	Roflumilast	Non-roflumilast	P-value	Roflumilast	Non-roflumilast	P-value
n	366	15,389		350	1,050
Baseline characteristics
Age at index date, years, mean ± SD	67.9±10.9	71.5±11.4	<0.0001	68.2±11.1	68.2±11.5	0.95
Female	54.4%	52.9%	0.58	54.0%	53.4%	0.85
Rural (versus urban)	20.5%	18.9%	0.33	20.9%	21.1%	0.91
Geographic region
Northeast	17.5%	18.1%	<0.0001	16.0%	17.0%	0.06
North central	32.8%	38.3%		34.0%	32.5%
South	37.2%	29.1%		37.4%	39.8%
West	10.4%	14.3%		10.6%	10.4%
Medicare insurance	52.7%	70.8%	<0.0001	54.6%	55.3%	0.80
CCI	1.899	2.257	<0.0001	1.897	1.846	0.55
Asthma	29.5%	17.0%	<0.0001	28.0%	29.3%	0.63
Severe exacerbation frequency per patient	0.45	0.12	<0.0001	0.38	0.41	0.59
Moderate exacerbation (yes/no)	85.2%	57.5%	<0.0001	84.6%	88.0%	0.10
COPD medications within 6-month baseline period
LABAs (n)	0.38	0.06	<0.0001	0.35	0.25	0.18
LAMAs (n)	1.64	0.49	<0.0001	1.53	1.47	0.62
ICS (n)	0.49	0.19	<0.0001	0.42	0.40	0.81
ICS-LABA combinations (n)	1.49	0.58	<0.0001	1.40	1.41	0.89
Theophylline medications	0.33	0.09	<0.0001	0.30	0.26	0.55
Health care utilization within 6-month baseline period
COPD-related inpatient visits (n)	0.58	0.21	<0.0001	0.50	0.52	0.76
COPD-related ER visits (n)	0.86	0.24	<0.0001	0.65	0.72	0.54
COPD-related outpatient visits (n)	9.03	4.64	<0.0001	8.47	8.50	0.96
All medical service inpatient visits (n)	0.71	0.44	<0.0001	0.63	0.65	0.79
All medical service ER visits (n)	0.91	0.26	<0.0001	0.70	0.77	0.53
All medical service outpatient visits (n)	19.81	17.57	0.007	19.30	19.61	0.74
COPD medications within 14 days after the index date
LABAs (n)	0.05	0.01	<0.0001	0.05	0.03	0.36
LAMAs (n)	0.26	0.07	<0.0001	0.23	0.22	0.66
ICS (n)	0.09	0.03	0.0001	0.09	0.07	0.52
ICS-LABA combinations (n)	0.24	0.09	<0.0001	0.23	0.24	0.73
Theophylline medications (n)	0.07	0.01	<0.0001	0.07	0.05	0.44

Note: The data are presented as the mean or percentage, before and after 1:3 propensity score matching.

Abbreviations: CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ER, emergency room; SD, standard deviation; LABAs, long-acting β₂-agonists; LAMAs, long-acting muscarinic antagonists; ICS, inhaled corticosteroids.

Table 2 Conditional logistic regressions for all-cause or COPD-related hospitalization within 30 days among the propensity score matched sample (n=1,400)

	Odds ratio	95% CI	P-value
All-cause hospitalization within 30 days	0.59	0.37–0.93	0.023
COPD-related hospitalization within 30 days	0.66	0.41–1.07	0.089

Notes: Each row represents a separate regression. Independent variable of interest is roflumilast-treated (versus non-treated).

Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CI, confidence interval.

Table S1 Additional patient characteristics that are not included in the propensity score matching

	Before matching			After matching
	Roflumilast	Non-roflumilast	P-value	Roflumilast	Non-roflumilast	P-value
n	366	15,389		350	1,050
COPD medications within 6-month baseline period
LABA use	11.5%	2.5%	<0.0001	11.1%	8.0%	0.07
LAMA use	58.2%	20.3%	<0.0001	56.9%	45.7%	0.05
ICS use	18.9%	9.5%	<0.0001	18.0%	15.9%	0.36
ICS-LABA combination use	59.8%	25.8%	<0.0001	58.9%	49.3%	0.12
Theophylline	12.0%	3.5%	<0.0001	12.0%	8.6%	0.06
COPD medications within 14 days after the index date
LABAs	5.5%	0.7%	<0.0001	4.6%	3.3%	0.28
LAMAs	25.4%	6.8%	<0.0001	23.1%	22.0%	0.66
ICS	8.5%	2.7%	<0.0001	8.3%	6.8%	0.34
ICS-LABA combination	23.2%	8.3%	<0.0001	22.3%	23.1%	0.74
Theophylline	6.6%	1.2%	<0.0001	6.6%	5.2%	0.35

Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LABAs, long-acting β₂-agonists; LAMAs, long-acting muscarinic antagonists; ICS, inhaled corticosteroids.