Roflumilast, a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, induces phagocytic activity in Greek COPD patients

Figures & data

Table 1 Patient characteristics

Characteristics	Patients (n=21)
Mean age, years	67.4
Sex (male, female)	(86%, 14%)
Group (C, D)	(72%, 28%)
LABA + ICS + LAMA, LABA + ICS	(28%, 72%)
Frequency of exacerbations (1, 2)	(80%, 20%)
FEV1 %pred (mean)	42.3%
FVC %pred (mean)	63.5%

Abbreviations: ICS, inhaled corticosteroids; LABA, long-acting β2-agonist; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; %pred, percent predicted.

Table 2 P-values from statistical analysis

Analysis of variance
Stimulation index	0.000
FEV1 %pred	0.088
FVC %pred	0.007

Abbreviations: FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; %pred, percent predicted.

Figure 1 Mean change in stimulation index for phagocytic activity, FEV₁ %pred, FVC %pred, per indicated periods (0, before receiving roflumilast, and 3 months and 6 months after).

Notes: Vertical axes represent the 95% confidence intervals of means calculated from the mean squared error of analysis of variance. The pooled standard deviation was used to calculate the intervals.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; %pred, percent predicted.