Distribution of body mass index among subjects with COPD in the Middle East and North Africa region: data from the BREATHE study

Figures & data

Figure 1 Disposition of the study population.

Notes: *COPD subjects fulfilling the COPD epidemiological definition used in the study. Proportions are calculated for each population with respect to the previous line.
Abbreviation: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Table 1 Characteristics of the COPD population

	COPD population (N=1,392)	COPD population with documented BMI categories (N=996)	P-value
Sex, n (%)	1,392	996
Women	340 (24.4)	231 (23.2)	0.49
Men	1,052 (75.6)	765 (76.8)	0.49
Age (years), n (%)	1,392	996
40–50	535 (38.4)	403 (40.5)	0.32
50–60	487 (35.0)	326 (32.7)	0.25
≥60	370 (26.6)	267 (26.8)	0.90
Smoking status, n (%)	1,077	996
Current	695 (64.5)	647 (65.0)	0.84
Ex-smokers	382 (35.5)	349 (35.0)	0.84
Educational level, n (%)	1,040	996
No high school	398 (38.3)	380 (38.2)	0.96
High school	320 (30.8)	308 (30.9)	0.94
Technical college	64 (6.2)	62 (6.2)	0.95
Undergraduate degree	217 (20.9)	206 (20.7)	0.92
Post graduate degree	41 (3.9)	40 (4.0)	0.93
Employment status, n (%)	1,191	996
Employed	555 (46.6)	517 (51.9)	0.01
Unemployed	453 (38.0)	306 (30.7)	0.0003
Homemaker	173 (14.5)	163 (16.4)	0.23
Disabled/illness	10 (0.8)	10 (1.0)	0.69
General health status, n (%)	1,388	996
Excellent	78 (5.6)	57 (5.7)	0.91
Very good to good	618 (44.5)	462 (46.4)	0.37
Fair	371 (26.7)	261 (26.2)	0.77
Poor to very poor	321 (23.1)	216 (21.7)	0.41

Figure 2 Distribution of BMI in COPD population.

Figure 3 Distribution of BMI in COPD population according to each participant country. Green bars: underweight (BMI <20 kg/m²); blue bars: normal weight (BMI 20–25 kg/m²); yellow bars: overweight (BMI 25–30 kg/m²); orange bars: obese (BMI 30–35 kg/m²); red bars: morbidly obese (BMI ≥35 kg/m²). The mean BMI (± SD) is provided above the histograms for each country.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SD, standard deviation.

Table 2 Distribution of CAT score classes according to BMI categories in COPD population

	BMI score (kg/m^2)					P-value
	Underweight (<18.5), n=20	Normal (18.5–25.0), n=307	Overweight (25.0–30.0), n=339	Obese (30.0–35.0), n=196	Morbidly obese (≥35), n=86
CAT classes, n (%)						0.09
<10	2 (10.0)	71 (23.1)	75 (22.1)	42 (21.3)	21 (23.9)
10–20	6 (30.0)	125 (40.7)	132 (38.9)	68 (34.5)	19 (21.6)
20–30	7 (35.0)	86 (28.0)	92 (27.1)	62 (31.5)	35 (39.8)
≥30	5 (25.0)	25 (8.1)	40 (11.8)	24 (12.2)	11 (12.8)
CAT score (mean ± SD)	22.6±10.0	16.4±9.0	17.4±9.5	18.1±9.5	19.1±10.3	0.008

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CAT, COPD Assessment Test; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SD, standard deviation.

Figure 4 Variables associated with CAT scores identified by multiple logistic regression analysis.

Note: Data are presented as Forest diagrams showing odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.
Abbreviation: CAT, COPD Assessment Test.

Table 3 Distribution of adapted GOLD severity groups and distribution of comorbidities according to BMI categories

	BMI scores					P-value
	Underweight (<18.5) n=20	Normal (18.5–25.0) n=307	Overweight (25.0–30.0) n=339	Obese (25.0–30.0) n=196	Morbidly obese (≥35) n=86
Group A (CAT score <10, no exacerbation), n (%)	2 (10.0)	42 (13.7)	51 (15.0)	28 (14.3)	12 (14.0)	0.67
Group B (CAT score ≥10, no exacerbation), n (%)	1 (05.0)	75 (24.4)	82 (24.2)	47 (24.0)	14 (16.3)
Group C (CAT score <10, exacerbation), n (%)	0 (00.0)	29 (09.4)	24 (07.1)	14 (07.1)	9 (10.5)
Group D (CAT score ≥10, exacerbation), n (%)	17 (85.0)	161 (52.4)	182 (53.7)	107 (54.6)	51 (59.3)
Comorbidities, n (%)	13 (65.0)	147 (47.9)	169 (49.9)	101 (51.3)	60 (68.2)	0.024
Asthma, n (%)	0 (00.0)	10 (03.3)	22 (06.5)	20 (10.2)	7 (08.0)	0.016
Diabetes, n (%)	4 (20.0)	31 (10.1)	64 (18.9)	45 (22.9)	31 (35.3)	<0.0001
Cardiovascular diseases, n (%)	3 (15.0)	60 (19.5)	86 (25.4)	57 (28.9)	41 (46.6)	<0.0001

Notes: Only the three first documented comorbidities are presented; P-values were calculated with the Mantel–Haenszel test.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CAT, COPD Assessment Test; GOLD, Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease.