Figures & data
Figure 1 Flowchart of the patients.
Abbreviations: AE-COPD, acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity.
Table 1 Characteristics of all study patients
Table 2 Characteristics of the patients and the acute exacerbation
Figure 2 Potential pathogen microroganism isolated in sputum during exacerbation of COPD.
Abbreviations: PA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; SP, Streptococcus pneumoniae; EB, Enterobacteriaceae; HI, Haemophilus influenzae; MC, Moraxella catharrhalis.
Table 3 Comorbidities and the result of sputum culture
Figure 3 Characteristics according to sputum culture results.
Notes: *Represents P<0.05. Mean values, as well as standard deviations and ranges for all groups of patients. Horizontal bars represent mean values, boxes represent mean (± SD) values, and vertical bars represent ranges. (A) Post-bronchodilator FEV1 (% predicted). (B) BODEx index. (C) Total comorbidities (number of comorbidities). (D) Age (years). (E) COPD diagnosis time (years). (F) Smoking history (packs/year). (G) Time of exacerbation prior admission (days). (H) C-reactive protein (mg/L). (I) Length of stay (days).
Abbreviations: EB, Enterobacteriaceae; nPPM, non-potentially pathogenic microorganisms; HI, Haemophilus influenzae; MC, Moraxella catharrhalis; SP, Streptococcus pneumoniae; PA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; CRP, C-reactive protein; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second.
Abbreviations: EB, Enterobacteriaceae; nPPM, non-potentially pathogenic microorganisms; HI, Haemophilus influenzae; MC, Moraxella catharrhalis; SP, Streptococcus pneumoniae; PA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; CRP, C-reactive protein; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second.
Table 4 Characteristics of patients according to sputum culture groups