The Short Physical Performance Battery is a discriminative tool for identifying patients with COPD at risk of disability

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Characteristics	n (%) or mean (SD)
Demographic
Age, mean (SD)	66.9 (8.3)
Male, n (%)	120 (87.6%)
Educational achievement, n (%)
Primary studies	99 (72.8%)
High school	24 (17.6%)
University	13 (9.6%)
Clinical characteristics
FEV1 (L), mean (SD)	1.29 (0.46)
FEV1 (% predicted), mean (SD)	50.21 (16.5)
FVC (L), mean (SD)	2.22 (0.68)
FVC (% predicted), mean (SD)	66.7 (18.74)
Smoking history, n (%)
Current smoker	41 (29.9%)
Former smoker	96 (70.1%)
Never smoked	0 (0%)
GOLD group, n (%)
A	24 (17.5%)
B	22 (16.1%)
C	12 (8.8%)
D	79 (57.7%)
CAT category, n (%)
0–10	37 (27%)
≥10	100 (73%)
Exacerbations in last year, n (%)
0–1	58 (42.3%)
≥2	79 (57.7%)
mMRC score, median (interquartile range)	1.0 (1.0)
Airflow obstruction, n (%)
Slight	5 (3.6%)
Moderate	71 (51.8%)
Severe	50 (36.5%)
Very severe	11 (8%)

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; CAT, COPD Assessment Test; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council.

Figure 1 ROC curves for SPPB scores.

Notes: Lines show the specificity and sensitivity for the SPPB (A) and for the different test components (B) in determining functional limitations in mobility.
Abbreviations: ROC, receiver operating characteristic; SPPB, Short Physical Performance Battery; 5STS, five-repetition sit-to-stand motion; 4MGS, 4-meter gait speed; AUC, area under the curve.

Table 2 Mean SPPB scores according to self-reported functional limitations

Domains of mobility activities	No difficulty (n1)	Difficulty (n2)	P-value (t-test)
Changing and maintaining body position
Stooping, kneeling (n1=50; n2=86)
SPPB summary score	10.24	9.16	0.001
SPPB 5STS	2.68	2.05	0.002
Standing >15 minutes (n1=86; n2=51)
SPPB summary score	10.16	8.55	<0.001
SPPB 5STS	2.57	1.80	<0.001
Getting up from a kneeling position (n1=43; n2=93)
SPPB summary score	10.51	9.12	<0.001
SPPB 5STS	2.95	1.97	<0.001
Sitting 1 hour (n1=100; n2=37)
SPPB summary score	9.54	9.62	0.873
SPPB 5STS	2.29	2.27	0.944
Standing from a seated position (n1=109; n2=27)
SPPB summary score	9.90	8.30	0.001
SPPB 5STS	2.48	1.56	0.001
Carrying, moving, and handling objects
Pushing objects (n1=108; n2=28)
SPPB summary score	9.82	8.57	0.001
SPPB 5STS	2.42	1.79	0.01
Lifting light objects (n1=110; n2=27)
SPPB summary score	9.82	8.52	0.006
SPPB 5STS	2.40	1.81	0.032
Lifting heavy objects (n1=74; n2=62)
SPPB summary score	10.08	8.95	<0.001
SPPB 5STS	2.58	1.94	0.002
Walking and moving
Walking up stairs (n1=105; n2=32)
SPPB summary score	9.96	8.25	<0.001
SPPB 5STS	2.50	1.59	<0.001
Walking in the neighborhood (n1=87; n2=48)
SPPB summary score	10.16	8.54	<0.001
SPPB 5STS	2.63	1.69	<0.001

Abbreviations: SPPB, Short Physical Performance Battery; 5STS, five-repetition sit-to-stand motion.

Table 3 Evidence for convergent/divergent validity based on correlation coefficients between scores on two tests

Measures	Quadriceps strength	Handgrip strength
SPPB summary score	0.49	0.28
SPPB 5STS	0.41	0.18

Abbreviations: SPPB, Short Physical Performance Battery; 5STS, five-repetition sit-to-stand motion.