Biomarkers of IL-33 and sST2 and Lack of Association with Carvedilol Therapy in Heart Failure

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic Characteristics of Healthy Individuals

Characteristics	Healthy Individuals (n=22)
Age (years)	65.2 ± 10.2
Male/female (n/n)	11/11
BMI (kg/m^2)	23.2 ± 0.9

Table 2 Characteristics of Patients Receiving Carvedilol (Case) and Patients Not Receiving Carvedilol (Control)

Characteristics	Case (n=25)	Control (n=19)	P-value
Age (years)	64.83± 11.03	67.25± 11.06	0.44
Male/female (n/n)	14/11	10/9	0.533
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.3 ± 0.5	24.5 ± 0.8	0.756
Diabetes mellitus (N,%)	10 (40.0%)	8 (42.1%)	0.566
Smoking (N, %)	8 (32.0%)	7 (36.8%)	0.492
HTN (N,%)	11 (44.0%)	12 (63.1%)	0.434
LVEF (mean±SD)	33.6 ± 1.68	30.8 ± 2.72	0.35
AF (N,%)	4 (16.0 %)	1 (5.3%)	0.270
Heart valve disease (N,%)	4 (16.0%)	3 (15.8%)	0.657
DCM (N,%)	3 (12.0%)	3 (15.8%)	0.525
Hyperlipidemia (N,%)	14 (56.0%)	10 (52.6%)	0.532
Stroke (N,%)	1 (4.0%)	1 (5.3%)	0.683
Previous MI (N, %)	13 (56.0%)	11 (58.0%)	0.467
History of malignancy (N, %)	2 (8.0%)	2 (10.5%)	0.585

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; HTN, hypertension; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; AF, atrial fibrillation; DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy.

Table 3 sST2 and IL-33 Levels in Healthy and Heart Failure (HF) Subjects

Parameter	Healthy Group (Mean ±SD)	HF Group (Mean ±SD)	P-value
sST2 concentration	2971.6 ± 792.5	3416.6 ± 1089.1	0.064
IL-33 concentration	2.6748 ± 0.33	2.4466 ± 0.69	0.081

Table 4 sST2 and IL-33 Levels in HF Patients Treated with Carvedilol (Case) and Patients Not Receiving Any β-Blockers (Control)

Parameter	Case (Mean ±SD)	Control (Mean ±SD)	P-value
sST2 concentration	3493.8 ± 1083.3	3315.1 ± 1117.9	P=0.59
IL-33 concentration	2.42± 0.86	2.47 ± 0.30	P=0.97