Effect of pravastatin treatment on circulating adiponectin: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flowchart of database searching and study selection.

Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies

Author (year)	Design	Population	Number of subjects	Mean age (years)	Male (%)	Mean BMI (kg/m^2)	Dose (mg/d)	Duration (weeks)	Adiponectin measurement	Drop-out (%)
Gannagé-Yared et al (2005)^Citation18	R, DB, PC	Non-DM subjects	40	48.8	55.0	26.4	40	12	RIA	0
Trøseid et al (2005)^Citation19	R, OL	MetS patients	31	47.0	100.0	32.0	40	12	RIA	3
Sugiyama et al (2007)^Citation20	R, OL	CAD patients with IGT	40	67.0	70.0	23.5	20	24	ELISA	0
Takagi et al (2008)^Citation21	R, DB, PC	HL patients	152	55.0	100.0	25.4	40	48	ELISA	0
Koh et al (2009)^Citation22	R, SB, PC	HC patients	84	57.5	36.9	25.0	40	8	ELISA	2
Kim et al (2013)^Citation23 – 20 mga	R, DB, PC	T2DM patients	38	59.2	0	26.1	20	16	ELISA	7
Kim et al (2013)^Citation23 – 40 mga	R, DB, PC	T2DM patients	35	59.1	0	26.1	40	16	ELISA	7
Koh et al (2013)^Citation24	R, SB, PC, CO	HC patients	48	56.0	60.4	25.5	40	8	ELISA	6
Koh et al (2013)^Citation25	R, SB, PC	HC patients	79	54.7	40.6	23.9	40	8	ELISA	3

Note:

a The study by Kim et al (2013) included two pravastatin treatment arms with dosages of 20 and 40 mg/day, respectively, and both the comparisons were included separately.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CO, crossover; DB, double-blinded; DM, diabetes mellitus; HC, hypercholesterolemic; HL, hyperlipidemic; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; MetS, metabolic syndrome; OL, open label; PC, placebo-controlled; R, random; RIA, radioimmunoassay; SB, single-blinded; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Table 2 Summary of study quality evaluated by Cochrane risk of biases tool

Author (year)	Sequence generation	Allocation concealment	Blinding of participants and personnel	Blinding of outcome assessment	Incomplete outcome data	Selective outcome reporting	Other potential threats	Total
Gannagé-Yared et al (2005)^Citation18	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	3
Trøseid et al (2005)^Citation19	Unclear	Unclear	No	No	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	0
Sugiyama et al (2007)^Citation20	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	1
Takagi et al (2008)^Citation21	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	3
Koh et al (2009)^Citation22	Unclear	Unclear	No	No	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	1
Kim et al (2013)^Citation23 – 20 mga	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	3
Kim et al (2013)^Citation23 – 40 mga	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	3
Koh et al (2013)^Citation24	Unclear	Yes	No	No	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	2
Koh et al (2013)^Citation25	Unclear	Unclear	No	No	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	1

Notes:

a The study by Kim et al (2013) included two pravastatin treatment arms with dosages of 20 and 40 mg/day, respectively, and both the comparisons were included separately. No indicates high risk of bias; Unclear, uncertain risk of bias; Yes, low risk of bias.

Figure 2 Forest plot for the meta-analysis of effect of pravastatin treatment on circulating adiponectin as compared with controls.

Notes: (A) Forest plot for the overall meta-analysis; (B) forest plot for the meta-analysis with double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized controlled trials.

Table 3 Impact of study characteristics on the effects of statins therapy on serum adiponectin concentrations: results of univariate meta-regression analyses

Variables	Coefficient	95% CI	P-value
Number of subjects	0.012	−0.009 to 0.033	0.24
Mean age (years)	0.042	−0.107 to 0.191	0.52
Male (%)	0.015	0.006 to 0.024	0.03
BMI (kg/m^2)	−0.093	−0.445 to 0.259	0.55
Dose (mg/d)	0.003	−0.086 to 0.092	0.95
Duration (weeks)	0.042	−0.017 to 0.101	0.31

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WMD, weighted mean difference.

Table 4 Impact of gender of the participants on the effect of pravastatin on circulating adiponectin: results of subgroup analyses

Study characteristics	WMD of serum adiponectin concentration (μg/mL)
	Comparisons (patients), n	I^Citation2 (%)	WMD (95% CI)	P-valuea	P-valueb
All female participants
Yes	2 (73)	0	−0.04 (−1.01, 0.93)	0.94
No	7 (522)	29	0.82 (0.30, 1.34)	0.002	0.13
Median
≤50%	4 (236)	0	0.01 (−0.73, 0.76)	0.97
>50%	5 (359)	31	1.01 (0.43, 1.59)	<0.001	0.04
All male participants
Yes	2 (183)	60	1.41 (0.58, 2.23)	<0.001
No	7 (412)	0	0.29 (−0.26, 0.84)	0.31	0.03

Notes:

a P-values for subgroup effects.

b P-values for subgroup interaction.

Abbreviation: WMD, weighted mean difference.

Figure 3 Correlation between proportions of male participants in each study and the effect of pravastatin treatment on circulating adiponectin: result of meta-regression analysis.

Abbreviation: WMD, weighted mean difference.

Figure 4 Forest plot for the meta-analysis of effect of pravastatin treatment on circulating adiponectin stratified by genders of the participants.

Figure 5 Funnel plot for the meta-analysis of effect of pravastatin treatment on circulating adiponectin.

Abbreviations: SE, standard error; WMD, weighted mean difference.

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