Combination of drugs and carriers in drug delivery technology and its development

Figures & data

Table 1 Examples of therapeutic moieties loaded by nanoparticles/erythrocytes/platelet

Drug carrier	Drug	Approaches	Application	First researcher
Nanoparticles	Paclitaxel	Cyclodextrin nanoparticles	MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line	Varan G^Citation14
	Doxorubicin	Injectable nanoparticle generator (iNPG)	Metastatic breast cancer	Rong X^Citation15
	Dexamethasone	Lipid nanoparticles	Ocular drug delivery system	Junfeng B^Citation16
	HIV integrase	Gold nanoparticle	HIV infection	Garrido C^17
	Vincristine sulfate	Liposome	Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	Rodriguez MA^Citation18
	Daunorubicin	Liposome	Acute myeloid leukemia	Fassas A^Citation19
Erythrocyte	Enzyme	Hypotonic dialysis, Fusion with liposomes	Enzyme deficiency related diseases	Favrett ME^Citation25
	Dexamethasone	Hypotonic dialysis	Ulcerative Colitis	Bossa F^Citation26
	Fasudil	Hypotonic dialysis	Pulmonary arterial hypertension	Gupta N^Citation27
	L-asparaginase	Conjugation to cell-penetrating peptides	Acute lymphoblastic leukemia	Kwon YM^Citation28
	Pravastatin	Endocytosis	Hypercholesterolemi-a	Harisa GE^Citation29
Platelet	Epidoxorubicin	Encapsulation	Myeloma	Lu D^Citation32
	Doxorubicin	Encapsulation	Lymphoma	Peipei X^Citation33
	Factor viii	Encapsulation	Hemophilia A	Shi Q^Citation34
	Factor iX	Encapsulation	Hemophilia B	Shi QZ^Citation35

Figure 1 Schematic of possible therapeutic applications of nanoparticles/erythrocyte/platelet drug carriers. Erythrocytes mainly target reticuloendothelial system (RES)-related organs (liver, bone marrow, spleen, etc.), while nanoparticles mainly target tumors and circulating system. Platelets mainly target tumors at present.

Figure 2 Encapsulation and conjugation are two main ways that drug attached to the carriers. Drugs can be encapsulated in erythrocyte or bound to cell membranes when erythrocyte is used as carriers. Drugs are mainly encapsulated in carriers, if nanoparticles or platelets are used as drug delivery carriers.

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