Enteric-Coated Strategies in Colorectal Cancer Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flowchart of methodology.

Figure 2 Distribution of colorectal cancer articles based on the year of publication.

Figure 3 The development of enteric nanoparticle.

Table 1 Enteric-Coated Nanoparticle Formulations for Non-Colorectal Cancer

No	Polymer	Active Ingredient	Application	Ref
1.	Propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfate	–	Potential enteric delivery system	^Citation90
2.	Copper-substituted mesoporous silica	16-Hydroxy-cleroda-3,13-dien-16,15-olide (HCD)	Controlled anti-glioma drug delivery	^Citation91
3.	Starch and chitosan	Withania coagulans extract	Enteric extract delivery system	^Citation92
4.	Polylactic acid (PLA), polyvinyl alcohol, poloxamer 188	β-galactosidase	Protection on enzymatic degradation	^Citation93
5.	PLGA, lipid, PEG	Insulin	Oral insulin delivery system	^Citation94
6.	Polyacrylic resin II (PRII) and solid lipid (polyvinyl alcohol and octadecanoic acid)	Enrofloxacin (ENR)	Enteric delivery and light protector system	^Citation51
7.	Deoxycholic acid-conjugated chitosan	Insulin	Oral insulin delivery system	^Citation95
8.	Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and Eudragit^® L100	Darunavir	Enteric antivirus delivery system	^Citation96
9.	(methoxy-polyethylene glycol)-b-poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)-b-poly(L-lysine)	Peptide Val-Leu-Pro-Val-Pro-Arg	Enteric peptide delivery system	^Citation97
10.	Hyaluronic acid, chitosan, and Eudragit^® L-100	Insulin	Oral insulin delivery system	^Citation98
11.	Chitosan and Eudragit^® L-100	Bovine serum albumin (BSA)	Oral protein vaccine delivery system	^Citation99
12.	Deoxycholic acid conjugated PEGylated polyhydroxybutyrate	Insulin	Oral insulin delivery system	^Citation100
13.	Hyaluronic acid (HA)	Insulin	Oral insulin delivery system	^Citation101
14.	Guar gum and Eudragit^® L30D	Amphotericin B	Antileishmanial drug delivery system	^Citation102
15.	Compritol 888 ATO, cetyl palmitate, stearic acid, Dynasan^® 114, Dynasan^® 116, Dynasan^® 118, Gelucire^® 50/13, Softisan^® 154, lauric acid, glyceril monostearate, glyceril trioleat, Labrafil^® M-2151 CS, Labrafac^® WL 1349, corn oil, sesame oil, sthyl oleat, oleic acid, Eudragit^® S100	Budesonide	Inflammatory Bowel Disease	^Citation103
16.	Gelatin, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), monophosphoryl lipid A, glycerol tripalmitate, and cholesterol	HBsAg	Oral vaccine delivery system	^Citation104
17.	Eudragit^® S-100 and Eudragit^® L-100	Sulfasalazine	Oral-specific delivery	^Citation105
18.	Glyceryl monooleate and Eudragit^® L100-55	Pravastatin sodium (PVS)	Duodenum-triggered delivery	^Citation106
19.	Eudragit^® L100-55 and polyvinyl alcohol	Nifedipine	Oral pH-sensitive delivery	^Citation107
20.	N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC) and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP)	Insulin	Oral insulin delivery system	^Citation108
21.	Mesoporous silica	Safranin O	Colonic targeted delivery system	^Citation109
22.	Monomethoxyl poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide)	Growth factor	Enteric protein delivery system	^Citation110
23.	Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP)	Omeprazole	Enteric drug delivery system	^Citation111
24.	Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HP55), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), and Eurdragit^® RS	Insulin	Oral insulin delivery system	^Citation112
25.	Polyacrylic acid	Papain	Small intestine targeted delivery system	^Citation113
26.	Polyethylene imine	Insulin	Oral insulin delivery system	^Citation114
27.	Mesoporous silica and polyacrylic acid	Metoprolol tartrate	Enteric delivery and sustained release system	^Citation115
28.	Eudragit^® RS100 and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)	Lansoprazole	Enteric delivery and sustained release system	^Citation116
29.	Eudragit^® L100	Darunavir	Enteric antivirus delivery system	^Citation117
30.	Methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate and chitosan	Recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor (rHuKGF)	Enteric protein delivery system	^Citation118
31.	Phospholipon^® 90H, Arlacel^® 1689, Crodamol^® CP-PA-(SG), and Eudragit^® S100	Lipo-endomorphin-1	Enteric peptide delivery system	^Citation119
32.	Compritol 888 ATO (COMP) and Poloxamer 188 (P-188)	Carvedilol	Lymphatic absorption	^Citation120
33.	poly(g-glutamic acid) and chitosan	Exendin-4	Enteric peptide delivery system	^Citation121
34.	Poly(methacrylic acid)-polysorbate 80-grafted-starch terpolymer and ethylcellulose	Diltiazem	Enteric delivery and controlled release system	^Citation122
35.	Pluronic	Efavirenz	Microfold cells (M-cells) targeted delivery system	^Citation123
36.	Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) and Eudragit S100	Eluxadoline	Enteric delivery and sustained release system	^Citation124
37.	Alginate and chitosan	Goat anti-mouse IgG peroxidise conjugate	Oral vaccine delivery system	^Citation125
38.	Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HP55)	Insulin	Oral insulin delivery system	^Citation126
39.	Diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid and poly(γ-glutamic acid)	Insulin	Oral insulin delivery system	^Citation127
40.	Folate-chitosan	5-fluourouacil (5-FU) and leucovorin (LV)	Multiple drug and targeted delivery system	^Citation128
41.	Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)	Docetaxel	Lymphatic absorption	^Citation129
42.	Chitosan and Eudragit L-100	Insulin	Oral insulin delivery system	^Citation130
43.	Acrylic acid and methacrylic	Rifampicin	Sustained release and mucoadhesive delivery	^Citation131
44.	Poloxamer 188, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyacryl resin II	Tilmicosin	Prevent gastrointestinal degradation	^Citation132

Figure 4 The illustration of nanosized drug entrapped in polymeric matrix (A) and its mechanism in release and delivery at colon (B).

Table 2 Enteric-Coated Nanoparticle Formulations for Colorectal Cancer

No	Type of Nanoparticle	Main Carrier		Enteric Polymer	Active Ingredients		Target Mediator		Ref
1	Chitosan Nanoparticle	Chitosan		–	5-FU		-		^Citation145
		Chitosan		Eudragit S100	5-FU		-		^Citation32,Citation133
		Chitosan		Eudragit S100	Oxaliplatin		Hyaluronic Acid		^Citation39
		Chitosan		Eudragit S100	5-FU - Leucovorin		Folate		^Citation127
		Chitosan		Eudragit S100	Curcumin		-		^Citation146
		Chitosan		Eudragit S100	Doxorubicin		-		^Citation147
		Chitosan		Eudragit S100	7-Hydroxy staurosporine		-		^Citation148
2	Pectin-Eudragit Nanoparticle	Citrus Pectin		Eudragit S100	5-FU		Citrus Pectin		^Citation149
3	PMMA-Eudragit Nanoparticle	PMMA		Eudragit RS PO + Eudragit S100	-		-		^Citation150
4	PLGA- udragit Nanoparticle	PLGA		Eudragit S100	Aspirin – Folic Acid		-		^Citation151
5	Sodium alginate-Eudragit Nanoparticle	Sodium Alginate		Eudragit S100	Indomethacin		-		^Citation152
		Sodium Alginate		Eudragit S100	Irinotecan hydrochloride trihydrate (I)		Folic acid		^Citation153
6	Albumin Nanoparticle	BSA		Eudragit S100	Indomethacin		-		^Citation154
		BSA		Eudragit L100	Indomethacin		-

Figure 5 The comparison of the size and shape of the coating system in the enteric-coated nanoparticle formulations for colorectal cancer. (A) chitosan-PMMA-Eudragit-coated drug, (B) eudragit-coated drug-cyclodextrin-bovine serum albumin complexes, (C) eudragit-chitosan-coated drug, (D) eudragit-pectin-coated drug, (E) hyaluronic acid-chitosan-coated drug, (F) PLGA-coated drug, (G) pectin-coated drug, (H) chitosan-coated drug.

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