Preliminary study of highly cross-linked hyaluronic acid-based combination therapy for management of knee osteoarthritis-related pain

Figures & data

Figure 1 Effect of hyaluronic acid injection on VAS pain score at 3- and 6-month follow-up in 20 patients affected by bilateral osteoarthritis of the knee.

Notes: Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. ***P < 0.001.
Abbreviations: VAS, visual analog score; SEM, standard error of mean.

Figure 2 Effect of hyaluronic acid plus diclofenac sodium injection on VAS pain score at 3- and 6-month follow-up in 21 patients affected by bilateral osteoarthritis of the knee.

Notes: Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. ***P < 0.001.
Abbreviations: VAS, visual analog score; SEM, standard error of mean.

Figure 3 Effect of hyaluronic acid plus sodium clodronate injection on VAS pain score at 3- and 6-month follow-up in 21 patients affected by bilateral osteoarthritis of the knee.

Notes: Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. ***P < 0.001.
Abbreviations: VAS, visual analog score; SEM, standard error of mean.

Figure 4 Percentage improvement in VAS pain score in patients affected by bilateral osteoarthritis of the knee at 6-month follow-up following hyaluronic acid alone (n = 20), hyaluronic acid plus diclofenac sodium (n = 21), and hyaluronic acid plus sodium clodronate (n = 21) injection.

Notes: The group receiving hyaluronic acid plus sodium clodronate showed a significant percentage improvement in VAS pain score. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05.
Abbreviations: HA, hyaluronic acid; VAS, visual analog score; SEM, standard error of mean.

Figure 5 Percentage CRP improvement in patients affected by bilateral osteoarthritis of the knee at 6-month follow-up after hyaluronic acid alone (n = 20), hyaluronic acid plus diclofenac sodium (n = 21), and hyaluronic acid plus sodium clodronate (n = 21) injection.

Notes: No significant difference among groups was observed. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM.
Abbreviations: CRP, C-reactive protein; HA, hyaluronic acid; SEM, standard error of mean.

Figure 6 Percentage ESR improvement in patients affected by bilateral osteoarthritis of the knee at 6-month follow-up following hyaluronic acid alone (n = 20), hyaluronic acid plus diclofenac sodium (n = 21), and hyaluronic acid plus sodium clodronate (n = 21) injection.

Notes: No significant difference among groups was observed. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM.
Abbreviations: ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; HA, hyaluronic acid; SEM, standard error of mean.