Comparison of Remimazolam Tosilate and Etomidate on Hemodynamics in Cardiac Surgery: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Figures & data

Figure 1 Consort flow diagram of the trial design.

Table 1 Demographic and Baseline Characteristics of Patients

Variable	Group E (n=39)	Group LR (n=39)	Group HR (n=39)	P-value
Age (years)	54.83±6.01	51.95±8.31	48.08±8.26	0.103
Gender (M/F)	12/23	10/25	14/21	0.602
Height (cm)	158.25±5.28	158.20±7.88	155.77±10.30	0.658
Weight (kg)	57.33±9.26	58.60±11.38	59.31±10.72	0.701
BMI (kg/m^2)	22.96±3.13	23.35±3.91	24.30±3.06	0.204
ASA (I/II/III)	0/6/33	0/5/34	0/7/33	1.000
Surgical procedure (n)				0.993
MVR	24	23	22
AVR	7	7	8
MVR+AVR	8	9	9

Notes: Variables presented as mean ±SD, median (interquartile range) or number of patients (%).

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anaesthesiologists; MVR, mitral valve replacement; AVR, aortic valve replacement.

Table 2 Hemodynamic Fluctuations Between the Three Groups

Variable	Group E (n=39)	Group LR (n=39)	Group HR (n=39)	P-value
∆MAP	18.45±7.83	19.67±8.90	24.85±10.12	0.005*
∆HR	22.20±10.52	26.17±13.55	30.00±15.68	0.248

Notes: Variables presented as mean ±SD. *P < 0.05 vs group HR.

Abbreviations: MAP, mean arterial pressure; HR, heart rate.

Table 3 Comparison of Adverse Reactions Between the Three Groups

Variable	Group E (n=39)	Group LR (n=39)	Group HR (n=39)	P-value
Hypotension (n,%)	8 (20.5)	9 (23.1)	17 (43.6)	0.038*
Hypertension (n,%)	3 (7.7)	6 (15.4)	5 (12.8)	0.678
Bradycardia (n,%)	1 (2.6)	1 (2.6)	2 (5.1)	1.000
Tachycardia (n,%)	2 (5.1)	3 (8.1)	5 (12.8)	0.507
Norepinephrine use (ug)	0 [0–0]	0 [0–0]	0 [0–70]	0.0064*
Injection pain (n,%)	6 (14.3)	1 (0.0)	1 (0.0)	0.035*
0	33 (85.7)	38 (100.0)	38 (100.0)
1	6 (14.3)	1 (0.0)	1 (0.0)
2	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
3	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Myoclonus (n,%)	10 (28.6)	2 (5.7)	2 (5.7)	0.005*
0	25 (71.4)	33 (94.3)	33 (94.3)
1	5 (14.3)	2 (5.7)	2 (5.7)
2	4 (11.4)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
3	1 (2.9)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)

Notes: Variables presented as mean ±SD, median (interquartile range) or number of patients (%). *P < 0.05 vs group HR.

Table 4 Comparison of Blood Lactic Acid and Glucose Between the Three Groups

Variable (mmol/L)	Group E (n=39)	Group LR (n=39)	Group HR (n=39)	P-value
Baseline Lac	1.28±0.77	1.17±0.62	1.47±0.66	0.153
Lac 3min after intubation	1.12±0.79	1.08±0.64	1.23±0.48	0.574
Baseline Glu	5.02±1.71	5.10±1.17	5.42±0.36	0.301
Glu 3min after intubation	5.10±1.73	5.00±1.30	5.51±0.53	0.183

Notes: Variables presented as mean ±SD.

Abbreviations: Glu, blood glucose; Lac, lactic acid.

Figure 2 Vital signs at different time points between the three groups. (A) MAP at different time points between the three groups; (B) HR at different time points between the three groups.