Effects of vildagliptin (Galvus®) therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after heart transplantation

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population

Characteristic	Vildagliptin group	Control group	P
n	15	15	–
Males (n)	12 (80.0%)	15 (100.0%)	0.07
Age (years)	58.6 ± 6.0	61.2 ± 8.3	0.43
Body weight (kg)	83.3 ± 10.8	88.3 ± 13.6	0.33
Post-HTx (years)	4.9 ± 5.3	7.2 ± 6.6	0.38
Ischemic time (min)	228.5 ± 82.2	221.7 ± 65.3	0.67
Duration of diabetes (years)	6.3 ± 3.6	5.6 ± 3.5	0.51
Type 2 diabetes	10 (66.7%)	7 (46.6%)	0.27
pre-HTx (n)
Metformin therapy (n)	6 (40%)	7 (46.7%)	0.71
Insulin therapy (n)	9 (60.0%)	9 (60.0%)	–
HbA1c (%)	7.4 ± 0.7	7.0 ± 0.7	0.09
FPG (mg/dL)	135.1 ± 31.2	145.9 ± 47.4	0.89
MBG (mg/dL)	165.0 ± 18.8	154.7 ± 19.7	0.09
Creatinine (mg/dL)	1.3 ± 0.5	1.5 ± 0.5	0.20
Urea (mg/dL)	54.7 ± 25.7	60.4 ± 25.7	0.61
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	216.0 ± 94.0	211.1 ± 125.1	0.86
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	177.5 ± 25.7	186.5 ± 73.2	0.82
HDL (mg/dL)	42.5 ± 7.3	39.3 ± 10.5	0.21
LDL (mg/dL)	93.7 ± 22.7	93.6 ± 38.3	0.89
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	12.4 ± 1.2	13.4 ± 1.8	0.19
WBC (n/nL)	7.3 ± 1.7	7.4 ± 2.2	0.73
Platelets (n/nL)	259.4 ± 50.9	224.9 ± 55.1	0.08
CK (U/L)	104.0 ± 37.1	127.4 ± 76.9	0.30
LDH (U/L)	227.5 ± 77.8	249.7 ± 86.4	0.73
GOT (U/L)	18.6 ± 7.7	24.9 ± 8.8	0.04
GPT (U/L)	19.2 ± 10.6	29.7 ± 15.7	0.12
AP (U/L)	89.1 ± 37.2	90.7 ± 23.6	0.57
γGT (U/L)	61.4 ± 63.7	106.6 ± 93.5	0.24
NT-proBNP (ng/L)	762.7 ± 1063.8	1277.8 ± 2572.0	0.93
hs-TNT (pg/mL)	14.2 ± 14.2	13.9 ± 16.0	0.88

Note: Data shown are the mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise indicated.

Abbreviations: AP, alkaline phosphatase; CK, creatine kinase; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; GOT, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; GPT, glutamic pyruvic transaminase; HbA_1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; hs-TNT, high-sensitivity troponin T; HTx, heart transplantation; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MBG, mean blood glucose; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; WBC, white blood cells; γGT, gamma-glutamyltransferase.

Table 2 Antidiabetic therapy in vildagliptin and control patients

Antidiabetic therapy	Vildagliptin group, n (%)	Control group, n (%)
Only metformin	6 (40.0)	6 (40.0)
Insulin	9 (60.0)	9 (60.0)
IIT	8 (53.3)	7 (46.7)
Only long-acting insulin	1 (6.7)	–
Only rapid-acting insulin	–	1 (6.7)
OAD plus basal insulin	–	1 (6.7)

Abbreviations: HbA_1c, glycated hemoglobin; IIT, intensive insulin therapy; OAD, oral antidiabetic.

Figure 1 Glycated hemoglobin (HbA_1c) levels in vildagliptin and control groups from baseline to follow-up at 8 months in stable heart transplant recipients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Abbreviations: BL, baseline; CG, control group; mo, months; VG, vildagliptin group.

Figure 2 Mean blood glucose (MBG) levels of vildagliptin and control groups from baseline to follow-up at 8 months in stable heart transplant recipients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Abbreviations: BL, baseline; CG, control group; mo, months; VG, vildagliptin group.

Table 3 Immunosuppression regimen in vildagliptin and control patients

Immunosuppression	Vildagliptin group, n (%)	Control group, n (%)	P *
TAC + MMF	9 (60.0)	6 (40.0)	0.27
TAC + EVE	2 (13.3)	1 (6.7)	0.54
CSA + MMF	1 (6.7)	2 (13.3)	0.54
EVE + MMF	–	2 (13.3)	0.14
Other	3 (20.0)	4 (26.7)	0.67
Additional steroids	4 (26.7)	3 (20.0)	0.67

Note:

* Not statistically significant.

Abbreviations: CSA, cyclosporine A; EVE, everolimus; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; TAC, tacrolimus.