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Drug Design, Development and Therapy Volume 7, 2013 - Issue
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Original Research

A comparative study of the effects of vitamin C, sirolimus, and paclitaxel on the growth of endothelial and smooth muscle cells for cardiovascular medical device applications

Sandeep KakadeBiomedical Engineering Program, The University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
&
Gopinath ManiBiomedical Engineering Program, The University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USACorrespondence[email protected]
Pages 529-544 | Published online: 24 Jun 2013

Figures & data

Figure 1 Chemical structure of L-ascorbic acid (A), sirolimus (B), and paclitaxel (C).

Figure 1 Chemical structure of L-ascorbic acid (A), sirolimus (B), and paclitaxel (C).

Figure 2 Endothelial cell viability and proliferation for L-ascorbic acid, sirolimus, paclitaxel, and controls.

Notes: * denotes statistical significant differences at p < 0.05.
Abbreviations: L-AA, L-ascorbic acid; PAT, paclitaxel; SIR, sirolimus.
Figure 2 Endothelial cell viability and proliferation for L-ascorbic acid, sirolimus, paclitaxel, and controls.

Figure 3 Fluorescence microscopy images of FDA stained ECs for L-AA, SIR, PAT, and controls (scale bar indicates 100 μm).

Abbreviations: ECs, endothelial cells; FDA, fluorescein diacetate; L-AA, L-ascorbic acid; PAT, paclitaxel; SIR, sirolimus.
Figure 3 Fluorescence microscopy images of FDA stained ECs for L-AA, SIR, PAT, and controls (scale bar indicates 100 μm).

Figure 4 Phase contrast images of ECs for L-AA, SIR, PAT, and controls (A–F) (scale bar indicates 100 μm).

Abbreviations: ECs, endothelial cells; L-AA, L-ascorbic acid; PAT, paclitaxel; SIR, sirolimus.
Figure 4 Phase contrast images of ECs for L-AA, SIR, PAT, and controls (A–F) (scale bar indicates 100 μm).

Figure 5 Immunofluorescence microscopy images of ECs for L-AA, SIR, PAT, and controls (A–F) (scale bar indicates 50 μm).

Abbreviations: ECs, endothelial cells; L-AA, L-ascorbic acid; PAT, paclitaxel; SIR, sirolimus.
Figure 5 Immunofluorescence microscopy images of ECs for L-AA, SIR, PAT, and controls (A–F) (scale bar indicates 50 μm).

Figure 6 Endothelial cell viability and proliferation for the different doses of L-ascorbic acid.

Notes: * denotes statistical significant differences at p < 0.05.
Figure 6 Endothelial cell viability and proliferation for the different doses of L-ascorbic acid.

Figure 7 Fluorescence microscopy images of fluorescein diacetate-stained endothelial cells for the different doses of L-ascorbic acid (scale bar indicates 100 μm).

Figure 7 Fluorescence microscopy images of fluorescein diacetate-stained endothelial cells for the different doses of L-ascorbic acid (scale bar indicates 100 μm).

Figure 8 Phase contrast images of endothelial cells for the different doses of L-ascorbic acid (A–G)(scale bar indicates 100 μm).

Figure 8 Phase contrast images of endothelial cells for the different doses of L-ascorbic acid (A–G)(scale bar indicates 100 μm).

Figure 9 Immunofluorescence microscopy images of endothelial cells for different doses of L-AA (A–G) (scale bar indicates 50 μm).

Abbreviation: L-AA, L-ascorbic acid.
Figure 9 Immunofluorescence microscopy images of endothelial cells for different doses of L-AA (A–G) (scale bar indicates 50 μm).

Figure 10 Smooth muscle cell viability and proliferation for L-AA, SIR, PAT, and controls.

Notes: * denotes statistical significant differences at p < 0.05.
Abbreviations: L-AA, L-ascorbic acid; PAT, paclitaxel; SIR, sirolimus.
Figure 10 Smooth muscle cell viability and proliferation for L-AA, SIR, PAT, and controls.

Figure 11 Fluorescence microscopy images of FDA stained SMCs for L-AA, SIR, PAT, and controls (scale bar indicates 100 μm).

Abbreviations: FDA, fluorescein diacetate; L-AA, L-ascorbic acid; PAT, paclitaxel; SIR, sirolimus; SMCs, smooth muscle cells.
Figure 11 Fluorescence microscopy images of FDA stained SMCs for L-AA, SIR, PAT, and controls (scale bar indicates 100 μm).

Figure 12 Phase contrast images of SMCs for L-AA, SIR, PAT, and controls (A–F) (scale bar indicates 100 μm).

Abbreviations: L-AA, L-ascorbic acid; SIR, sirolimus; SMCs, smooth muscle cells; PAT, paclitaxel.
Figure 12 Phase contrast images of SMCs for L-AA, SIR, PAT, and controls (A–F) (scale bar indicates 100 μm).

Figure 13 Smooth muscle cell viability and proliferation for the different doses of L-ascorbic acid.

Notes: * denotes statistical significant differences at p < 0.05.
Figure 13 Smooth muscle cell viability and proliferation for the different doses of L-ascorbic acid.

Figure 14 Fluorescence microscopy images of fluorescein diacetate-stained smooth muscle cells for the different doses of L-ascorbic acid (scale bar indicates 100 μm).

Figure 14 Fluorescence microscopy images of fluorescein diacetate-stained smooth muscle cells for the different doses of L-ascorbic acid (scale bar indicates 100 μm).

Figure 15 Phase contrast images of smooth muscle cells for the different doses of L-ascorbic acid (A–G) (scale bar indicates 100 μm).

Figure 15 Phase contrast images of smooth muscle cells for the different doses of L-ascorbic acid (A–G) (scale bar indicates 100 μm).

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