The Influence of Piriform Recess Instillation with Lidocaine Before Bronchoscopy on Post-General Anesthesia Cough: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flowchart of the study procedure.

Table 1 Patient Demographic and Clinical Parameters

Variables	Lidocaine Group (n=44)	Saline Group (n=44)	P value
Age, mean± SD	60.7(±10.3)	61.8(±11.2)	0.658
Males, n (%)	28(63.6)	31(70.5)	0.496
BMI (kg /m2), mean± SD	22.7(±2.0)	23.0(±1.7)	0.415
Smoker, n (%)	21(47.7)	18(40.9)	0.668
Indication for bronchoscopy, n (%)
Infection	9(20.5)	5(11.5)	0.383
Chronic cough	7(15.9)	9(20.5)	0.783
Hemoptysis	8(18.2)	5(11.4)	0.549
Suspicion of malignancy	15(34.1)	18(40.9)	0.660
Cancer follow-up	2(4.5)	4(9.1)	0.676
Chest pain	1(2.3)	3(6.8)	0.616
Atelectasis	2(4.5)	0(0)	0.153
Procedures performed, n (%)
Bronchial brushing	4(9.1)	6(13.6)	0.739
Bronchial washing and brushing	12(27.3)	8(18.2)	0.446
EBUS-TBNA	17(38.6)	15(34.1)	0.825
BAL	3(6.8)	5(11.4)	0.713
EBB	8(18.2)	10(22.7)	0.597

Note: Data are presented as mean (±SD) or n (%).

Abbreviations: EBUS-TBNA, endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration; EBB, endobronchial biopsy; BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage.

Table 2 Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcomes	Lidocaine Group (n=44)	Saline Group (n=44)	P value
Primary outcome
Incidence of cough, n (%)	28(63.6%)	38(86.4%)	0.014
Secondary outcomes
Sore throat score
10min	0(0,0)	1(0,2)	<0.001
6h	0(0,1)	1(0,1)	0.252
24h QoR-40 score	181.2(±1.9)	180.5(±1.8)	0.083
Subject-rated overall anesthesia satisfaction	84.8(±6.2)	76.6(±8.6)	<0.001
10min	0(0,0)	1(0,2)	<0.001
6h	0(0,1)	1(0,1)	0.252
24h QoR-40 score	181.2(±1.9)	180.5(±1.8)	0.083

Notes: Data are presented as median (IQR), mean ± SD or n (%). QoR-40, Quality of Recovery-40.

Table 3 Severity of Cough

Severity of Cough	Lidocaine Group (n=28)	Saline Group (n=38)	P value
Severity of cough (10min), n (%)
Mild	16(36.4)	5(11.4)	0.006
Moderate	8(18.2)	14(31.8)	0.14
Severe	4(9.1)	19(43.2)	<0.001
Severity of cough (6h), n (%)
Mild	7(15.9)	10(22.7)	0.418
Moderate	2(4.5)	4(9.1)	0.398
Severe	0	0	1

Note: Data are presented as n (%).

Data Sharing Statement

All data generated or analyzed during this study have been included in the published article. For further inquiries regarding the datasets, they are available from Xin Lv upon request.