Effect of Tianqi antitremor granules on behavioral manifestations and expression of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 and β-arrestin1 in levodopa-induced dyskinesia in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease

Figures & data

Figure 1 Effect of Tianqi antitremor granules on peak rotations in dyskinetic rats.

Notes: Increased peak rotations were found in dyskinetic rats after repeated levodopa administration. In contrast, levodopa plus Tianqi antitremor granules lowered peak rotations in dyskinetic rats. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean. *P < 0.05 versus levodopa group; ^#P < 0.05 versus levodopa plus TCM-low group.
Abbreviation: TCM, traditional Chinese medicine.

Figure 2 Western blotting results confirming the effect of administration of Tianqi antitremor granules on GRK6 expression in dyskinetic rats.

Notes: Proteins were analyzed from the sham group (1), PD-control group (2), LID-control group (3), LID group (4), levodopa plus TCM-low group (5), levodopa plus TCM-medium group (6), and levodopa plus TCM-high group (7). U, unlesioned striatum; L, lesioned striatum. *P < 0.05 versus sham group; ^#P < 0.05 versus PD group; ^▲P < 0.05 versus LID-control group; ⁺P < 0.05 versus LID group.
Abbreviations: GRK6, G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6; PD, Parkinson’s disease; LID, levodopa-induced dyskinesia; TCM, traditional Chinese medicine.

Figure 3 Effect of Tianqi antitremor granules on levels of GRK6 in dyskinetic rats.

Notes: The striatal sections were analyzed by immunohistochemistry with antibodies specific for GRK6 from rats in sham group (1), LID-control group (2), LID group (3), levodopa plus TCM-low group (4), levodopa plus TCM-medium group (5), levodopa plus TCM-high group (6). U, unlesioned striatum; L, lesioned striatum. *P < 0.05 versus sham group; ^#P < 0.05 versus LID group.
Abbreviations: GRK6, G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6; LID, levodopa-induced dyskinesia; TCM, traditional Chinese medicine.

Figure 4 Western blotting results confirmed the effect of administration of Tianqi antitremor granules on β-arrestin1 expression in dyskinetic rats.

Notes: Proteins were analyzed from the sham group (1), PD-control group (2), LID-control group (3), LID group (4), levodopa plus TCM-low group (5), levodopa plus TCM-medium group (6), and levodopa plus TCM-high group (7). U, unlesioned striatum; L, lesioned striatum. *P < 0.05 versus sham group; ^#P < 0.05 versus PD group; ^▲P < 0.05 versus LID-control group.
Abbreviations: PD, Parkinson’s disease; LID, levodopa-induced dyskinesia; TCM, traditional Chinese medicine.

Figure 5 Effect of Tianqi antitremor granules on levels of β-arrestin1 in dyskinetic rats.

Notes: Striatal sections were analyzed by immunohistochemistry with antibodies specific for β-arrestin1 from rats in the sham group (1), LID-control group (2), LID group (3), levodopa plus TCM-low group (4), levodopa plus TCM-medium group (5), and levodopa plus TCM-high group (6). U, unlesioned striatum; L, lesioned striatum. *P < 0.05 versus sham group; ^#P < 0.05 versus LID group.
Abbreviations: LID, levodopa-induced dyskinesia; TCM, traditional Chinese medicine.