In vivo determination of the diclofenac skin reservoir: comparison between passive, occlusive, and iontophoretic application

Figures & data

Figure 1 a*-Parameter changes over time 1.5 hours after the initial application of DF.

Notes: Diamonds, MN; X, open; circles, occlusion; triangles, iontophoresis; squares, blank. Data expressed as means ± standard deviation.
Abbreviations: DF, diclofenac; MN, methyl nicotinate.

Figure 2 a*-Parameter changes over time 96 hours after the initial application of DF.

Notes: Diamonds, MN; X, open; circles, occlusion; triangles, iontophoresis; squares, blank. Data expressed as means ± standard deviation.
Abbreviations: DF, diclofenac; MN, methyl nicotinate.

Table 1 Comparison of the total responses (Σa*; means ± standard deviation)

Time after initial DF application	MN	Open	Occlusion	Iontophoresis	ANOVA
1.5 hours (n=13)	40.11±20.4b,c	34.08±22.9	15.82±11.4b	17.35±15.4c	<0.001
6 hours (n=12)	33.11±19.5a–c	13.4±13.7a	13.54±12.4b	16.37±16.9c	<0.001
24 hours (n=12)	22.46±13.5a–c	8.85±12.2a	10.62±11.7b	14.06±9.7c	0.001
32 hours	26.81±17.3a–c	8.5±10.8a	8.39±10.8b	9.39±15.0c	<0.001
48 hours (n=14)	34.54±19.2a,b	16.41±17.5a	26.23±18.8b	29.46±17.2	<0.001
72 hours	39.34±20.2a	20.43±17.6a	25.65±11.2	25.36±17.7	<0.01
96 hours (n=9)	36.12±18.4	35.57±19.9	30.24±13.3	34.65±17.1	>0.05
120 hours	30.03±12.7	29.96±17.3	28.63±17.0	30.06±19.3	>0.05

Notes:

a–c Equal indices at a particular reservoir-estimate time indicate a significant difference for the post hoc test (P<0.05) and the presence of a DF reservoir in the skin. Values corrected for blank over the total MN-evaluation period, for the reference MN test, and the different DF applications at the different reservoir-estimation times: 1.5, 6, 24, 32, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after the initial DF application. The number of volunteers per trial is indicated in the left column. Reservoir estimates at 24 and 32, 48 and 72, and 96 and 120 hours, respectively, were collected on the numbers of volunteers, as indicated at 24, 48, and 96 hours, respectively.

Abbreviations: DF, diclofenac; MN, methyl nicotinate; ANOVA, analysis of variance.