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Review

Insulin administration: present strategies and future directions for a noninvasive (possibly more physiological) delivery

, , , , &
Pages 3109-3118 | Published online: 17 Jun 2015

Figures & data

Figure 1 Schematic representation of the amino acid sequence of the human preproinsulin (A) and the conversion of proinsulin into biologically active insulin and C-peptide (B).

Figure 1 Schematic representation of the amino acid sequence of the human preproinsulin (A) and the conversion of proinsulin into biologically active insulin and C-peptide (B).

Figure 2 Portal-systemic blood insulin gradient and alternative routes of insulin administration.

Figure 2 Portal-systemic blood insulin gradient and alternative routes of insulin administration.